Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas: a 16-year retrospective analysis of multimodal treatment strategies and long-term clinical outcomes

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas: a 16-year retrospective analysis of multimodal treatment strategies and long-term clinical outcomes

BackgroundCarotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal connections between the carotid artery and/or its branches and the cavernous sinus, potentially resulting in significant complications, including visual impairment and neurological deficits. Timely diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interve...

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Main Authors: Chingiz Nurimanov, Iroda Mammadinova, Karashash Menlibayeva, Yeldar Kydyrmoldin, Ramazan Duisengali, Diana Kerimbayeva, Serik Akshulakov, Yerbol Makhambetov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
Subjects:
carotid-cavernous fistulas
endovascular treatment
transarterial approach
transvenous approach
long term results
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1625899/full
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