A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samples

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms and heterogeneous cognitive impairments influenced by factors such as age, disease duration, and severity. Traditional neuropsychological assessments often fall short in capturing the mul...

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Main Authors: Elvira Andújar-Castillo, Carla Carrillo-Molina, Fernando Alonso, Clara Villanueva-Iza, Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín, Angel Sesar, Isabel Jiménez-Martín, Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez, Maria Jesús Lama, Pablo Mir, Elena Perez-Hernandez, Cristina Nombela Otero
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2025.1566835/full
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author Elvira Andújar-Castillo
Carla Carrillo-Molina
Fernando Alonso
Fernando Alonso
Clara Villanueva-Iza
Clara Villanueva-Iza
Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín
Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín
Angel Sesar
Angel Sesar
Isabel Jiménez-Martín
Isabel Jiménez-Martín
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Maria Jesús Lama
Pablo Mir
Pablo Mir
Pablo Mir
Elena Perez-Hernandez
Cristina Nombela Otero
author_facet Elvira Andújar-Castillo
Carla Carrillo-Molina
Fernando Alonso
Fernando Alonso
Clara Villanueva-Iza
Clara Villanueva-Iza
Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín
Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín
Angel Sesar
Angel Sesar
Isabel Jiménez-Martín
Isabel Jiménez-Martín
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Maria Jesús Lama
Pablo Mir
Pablo Mir
Pablo Mir
Elena Perez-Hernandez
Cristina Nombela Otero
author_sort Elvira Andújar-Castillo
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms and heterogeneous cognitive impairments influenced by factors such as age, disease duration, and severity. Traditional neuropsychological assessments often fall short in capturing the multifaceted nature of PD-related cognitive dysfunction due to their reliance on single test metrics. This study provides empirical support for the implementation of domain-based cognitive assessments, structured in line with Movement Disorder Society recommendations, to provide a multidimensional evaluation of cognitive profiles in PD patients.MethodsNeuropsychological and clinical data were analyzed from 316 PD patients recruited from three Spanish hospitals—Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid), the University Complejo Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Galicia), and Hospital Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla)— and a control group of 96 older individuals, whose age difference from the PD group was statistically significant. Five cognitive domains were constructed, addressing attention/working memory, executive functions, memory, visuospatial abilities, and language, using composite z-scores derived from standardized neuropsychological tests.ResultsLatent Cluster Analysis identified three distinct cognitive profiles: (1) a fronto-striatal profile characterized by mild deficits in executive and attention functions and intact visuospatial abilities, (2) a posterior cortical profile marked by severe memory and visuospatial impairments but strong language performance, and (3) a preserved profile displaying mild deficits across multiple domains. Comparisons between PD clusters and controls revealed significant differences in cognitive trajectories, emphasizing the value of a domain-based approach for differentiating neurodegenerative patterns from normal aging.DiscussionThe findings highlight the potential of domain-based assessments to unify data across diverse samples, fostering standardized cross-cohort comparisons and facilitating large-scale research initiatives. By enabling methodological consistency, this approach provides a robust framework for advancing the understanding of cognitive dysfunctions in PD and improving clinical decision-making.
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spelling doaj-art-e420365ae5684c198ad2a842a9639a9e2025-08-20T02:36:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy1662-51292025-06-011910.3389/fnana.2025.15668351566835A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samplesElvira Andújar-Castillo0Carla Carrillo-Molina1Fernando Alonso2Fernando Alonso3Clara Villanueva-Iza4Clara Villanueva-Iza5Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín6Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín7Angel Sesar8Angel Sesar9Isabel Jiménez-Martín10Isabel Jiménez-Martín11Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez12Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez13Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez14Maria Jesús Lama15Pablo Mir16Pablo Mir17Pablo Mir18Elena Perez-Hernandez19Cristina Nombela Otero20Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainHM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, SpainHM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, SpainUnidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartamento de Neurología, Complejo Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainUnidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartamento de Neurología, Complejo Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainUnidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartamento de Neurología, Complejo Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainUnidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC/CIBERNED, Seville, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, SpainUnidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC/CIBERNED, Seville, SpainUnidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC/CIBERNED, Seville, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain0Departamento de Psicología Educativa y Evolutiva. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainIntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms and heterogeneous cognitive impairments influenced by factors such as age, disease duration, and severity. Traditional neuropsychological assessments often fall short in capturing the multifaceted nature of PD-related cognitive dysfunction due to their reliance on single test metrics. This study provides empirical support for the implementation of domain-based cognitive assessments, structured in line with Movement Disorder Society recommendations, to provide a multidimensional evaluation of cognitive profiles in PD patients.MethodsNeuropsychological and clinical data were analyzed from 316 PD patients recruited from three Spanish hospitals—Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid), the University Complejo Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Galicia), and Hospital Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla)— and a control group of 96 older individuals, whose age difference from the PD group was statistically significant. Five cognitive domains were constructed, addressing attention/working memory, executive functions, memory, visuospatial abilities, and language, using composite z-scores derived from standardized neuropsychological tests.ResultsLatent Cluster Analysis identified three distinct cognitive profiles: (1) a fronto-striatal profile characterized by mild deficits in executive and attention functions and intact visuospatial abilities, (2) a posterior cortical profile marked by severe memory and visuospatial impairments but strong language performance, and (3) a preserved profile displaying mild deficits across multiple domains. Comparisons between PD clusters and controls revealed significant differences in cognitive trajectories, emphasizing the value of a domain-based approach for differentiating neurodegenerative patterns from normal aging.DiscussionThe findings highlight the potential of domain-based assessments to unify data across diverse samples, fostering standardized cross-cohort comparisons and facilitating large-scale research initiatives. By enabling methodological consistency, this approach provides a robust framework for advancing the understanding of cognitive dysfunctions in PD and improving clinical decision-making.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2025.1566835/fullParkinson’s diseasecognitive domainsneuropsychological assessmentlatent cluster analysisagingdeep brain stimulation
spellingShingle Elvira Andújar-Castillo
Carla Carrillo-Molina
Fernando Alonso
Fernando Alonso
Clara Villanueva-Iza
Clara Villanueva-Iza
Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín
Gustavo Fernández-Pajarín
Angel Sesar
Angel Sesar
Isabel Jiménez-Martín
Isabel Jiménez-Martín
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Juan Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
Maria Jesús Lama
Pablo Mir
Pablo Mir
Pablo Mir
Elena Perez-Hernandez
Cristina Nombela Otero
A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samples
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
Parkinson’s disease
cognitive domains
neuropsychological assessment
latent cluster analysis
aging
deep brain stimulation
title A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samples
title_full A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samples
title_fullStr A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samples
title_full_unstemmed A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samples
title_short A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson’s disease across diverse samples
title_sort domain based framework for cognitive profile identification in parkinson s disease across diverse samples
topic Parkinson’s disease
cognitive domains
neuropsychological assessment
latent cluster analysis
aging
deep brain stimulation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2025.1566835/full
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