Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adults

Abstract Purpose Cisgender sexual minority adults are at elevated risk for eating disorders; however, community norms for certain eating disorder measures are lacking for this population. This study aimed to establish community norms for the Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory (EPSI) among cisgender...

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Main Authors: Jason M. Nagata, Christopher D. Otmar, Christopher M. Lee, Emilio J. Compte, Jason M. Lavender, Tiffany A. Brown, Kelsie T. Forbush, Annesa Flentje, Micah E. Lubensky, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Eating and Weight Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01742-3
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author Jason M. Nagata
Christopher D. Otmar
Christopher M. Lee
Emilio J. Compte
Jason M. Lavender
Tiffany A. Brown
Kelsie T. Forbush
Annesa Flentje
Micah E. Lubensky
Juno Obedin-Maliver
Mitchell R. Lunn
author_facet Jason M. Nagata
Christopher D. Otmar
Christopher M. Lee
Emilio J. Compte
Jason M. Lavender
Tiffany A. Brown
Kelsie T. Forbush
Annesa Flentje
Micah E. Lubensky
Juno Obedin-Maliver
Mitchell R. Lunn
author_sort Jason M. Nagata
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose Cisgender sexual minority adults are at elevated risk for eating disorders; however, community norms for certain eating disorder measures are lacking for this population. This study aimed to establish community norms for the Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory (EPSI) among cisgender gay, lesbian, bisexual + (individuals who identify as bisexual or pansexual; bi +) adults. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 2062 cisgender participants—including 925 gay men, 573 lesbian women, 116 bi + men, and 448 bi + women—enrolled in The PRIDE Study, a national longitudinal cohort of sexual and gender minority adults in the United States. Participants completed the EPSI, and descriptive statistics were calculated for the eight EPSI scales. Results We report mean scores, standard deviations, medians, interquartile ranges, and percentile ranks for the eight EPSI scales within cisgender sexual minority populations. Distinct patterns of eating-pathology symptoms were evidenced among the cisgender sexual minority groups. Cisgender bi + women exhibited the highest scores for Body Dissatisfaction, Binge Eating, and Restricting compared to other groups, whereas cisgender bi + men reported the highest scores for Excessive Exercise. Cisgender gay men had significantly higher scores for Muscle Building and Negative Attitudes Toward Obesity compared to other groups. Conclusion These findings offer valuable benchmarks for interpreting EPSI scores in the assessment and treatment of eating disorders among cisgender sexual minority individuals. Level of evidence: Level V: based on descriptive results.
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spelling doaj-art-e41eff5232fc491f805998019888783a2025-08-20T01:52:59ZengSpringerEating and Weight Disorders1590-12622025-04-0130111210.1007/s40519-025-01742-3Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adultsJason M. Nagata0Christopher D. Otmar1Christopher M. Lee2Emilio J. Compte3Jason M. Lavender4Tiffany A. Brown5Kelsie T. Forbush6Annesa Flentje7Micah E. Lubensky8Juno Obedin-Maliver9Mitchell R. Lunn10Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San FranciscoEating Behavior Research Center, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezMilitary Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (Micor), Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Auburn UniversityDepartment of Clinical Child Psychology, University of KansasThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of MedicineThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of MedicineThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of MedicineThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of MedicineAbstract Purpose Cisgender sexual minority adults are at elevated risk for eating disorders; however, community norms for certain eating disorder measures are lacking for this population. This study aimed to establish community norms for the Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory (EPSI) among cisgender gay, lesbian, bisexual + (individuals who identify as bisexual or pansexual; bi +) adults. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 2062 cisgender participants—including 925 gay men, 573 lesbian women, 116 bi + men, and 448 bi + women—enrolled in The PRIDE Study, a national longitudinal cohort of sexual and gender minority adults in the United States. Participants completed the EPSI, and descriptive statistics were calculated for the eight EPSI scales. Results We report mean scores, standard deviations, medians, interquartile ranges, and percentile ranks for the eight EPSI scales within cisgender sexual minority populations. Distinct patterns of eating-pathology symptoms were evidenced among the cisgender sexual minority groups. Cisgender bi + women exhibited the highest scores for Body Dissatisfaction, Binge Eating, and Restricting compared to other groups, whereas cisgender bi + men reported the highest scores for Excessive Exercise. Cisgender gay men had significantly higher scores for Muscle Building and Negative Attitudes Toward Obesity compared to other groups. Conclusion These findings offer valuable benchmarks for interpreting EPSI scores in the assessment and treatment of eating disorders among cisgender sexual minority individuals. Level of evidence: Level V: based on descriptive results.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01742-3Eating disordersSexual minorityCommunity normsLGBTQIA + healthLGBTLGBTQ
spellingShingle Jason M. Nagata
Christopher D. Otmar
Christopher M. Lee
Emilio J. Compte
Jason M. Lavender
Tiffany A. Brown
Kelsie T. Forbush
Annesa Flentje
Micah E. Lubensky
Juno Obedin-Maliver
Mitchell R. Lunn
Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adults
Eating and Weight Disorders
Eating disorders
Sexual minority
Community norms
LGBTQIA + health
LGBT
LGBTQ
title Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adults
title_full Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adults
title_fullStr Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adults
title_full_unstemmed Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adults
title_short Community norms of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in cisgender sexual minority adults
title_sort community norms of the eating pathology symptoms inventory epsi in cisgender sexual minority adults
topic Eating disorders
Sexual minority
Community norms
LGBTQIA + health
LGBT
LGBTQ
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01742-3
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