Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central Asia

The Amu Darya Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin in Central Asia hold enormous hydrocarbon resource potential and are the most representative salt-bearing basins in the region. Based on the latest petroleum geological data, this study systematically compares the structural and sedimentary evolution, pe...

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Main Authors: Li LIU, Kaixun ZHANG, Gang YU, Linjun YU, Haihua QIU, Yan ZHOU, Beiqi GE, Bakhtier NURTAEV, Shukhrat SHUKUROV
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: Editorial Office of Petroleum Geology and Experiment 2025-03-01
Series:Shiyou shiyan dizhi
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Online Access:https://www.sysydz.net/cn/article/doi/10.11781/sysydz2025020336
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author Li LIU
Kaixun ZHANG
Gang YU
Linjun YU
Haihua QIU
Yan ZHOU
Beiqi GE
Bakhtier NURTAEV
Shukhrat SHUKUROV
author_facet Li LIU
Kaixun ZHANG
Gang YU
Linjun YU
Haihua QIU
Yan ZHOU
Beiqi GE
Bakhtier NURTAEV
Shukhrat SHUKUROV
author_sort Li LIU
collection DOAJ
description The Amu Darya Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin in Central Asia hold enormous hydrocarbon resource potential and are the most representative salt-bearing basins in the region. Based on the latest petroleum geological data, this study systematically compares the structural and sedimentary evolution, petroleum geological characteristics, and hydrocarbon distribution patterns of the basins. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon distribution in salt-bearing basins are thoroughly analyzed to deepen the understanding of regional hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in Central Asia. Since the Amu Darya Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are oil and gas-rich basins formed under different geological backgrounds, there are obvious differences in the tectonic evolution process, sedimentary strata and oil and gas geological characteristics of the two; however, the pre-salt basins have developed high-quality source rocks formed in the same rift period and depression period, with the characteristics of huge thickness, high organic matter abundance and high degree of thermal evolution. The extensive development of salt-bearing strata in the Amu Darya Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin controls the spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbons. This salt-bearing system divides the basins into two hydrocarbon accumulation systems: sub-salt and supra-salt rock sequences. Hydrocarbons are mainly concentrated in the sub-salt Callovian to Oxfordian carbonate reservoirs in the Amu Darya Basin and in the sub-salt Carboniferous to Lower Permian carbonate reservoirs in the Pre-Caspian Basin. Gypsum-salt cap rocks exhibit excellent sealing properties and, in conjunction with favorable reservoir facies in the structural positions of the paleo-uplift of the sub-salt rock sequences, provide optimal conditions for forming large oil and gas fields. Additionally, salt windows induced by deep faults, gypsum-salt pinch-out zones, and salt tectonic activities facilitate vertical migration of hydrocarbons in sub-salt source rocks, playing a crucial role in large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in supra-salt rock sequences.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1001-6112
language zho
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Editorial Office of Petroleum Geology and Experiment
record_format Article
series Shiyou shiyan dizhi
spelling doaj-art-e41c8b41e37149b991f32d3975f760112025-08-20T03:44:02ZzhoEditorial Office of Petroleum Geology and ExperimentShiyou shiyan dizhi1001-61122025-03-0147233634610.11781/sysydz2025020336sysydz-47-2-336Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central AsiaLi LIU0Kaixun ZHANG1Gang YU2Linjun YU3Haihua QIU4Yan ZHOU5Beiqi GE6Bakhtier NURTAEV7Shukhrat SHUKUROV8Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, ChinaInstitute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaGeology Research Institute of Great Wall Drilling Company, PetroChina, Panjin, Liaoning 124010, ChinaGeological Research Institute, No. 12 Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an, Shaanxi 745400, ChinaTarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, ChinaCollege of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, ChinaCollege of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, ChinaInstitute of Geology and Geophysics, State Committee on Geology and Mineral Resources of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100041, UzbekistanInstitute of Geology and Geophysics, State Committee on Geology and Mineral Resources of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100041, UzbekistanThe Amu Darya Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin in Central Asia hold enormous hydrocarbon resource potential and are the most representative salt-bearing basins in the region. Based on the latest petroleum geological data, this study systematically compares the structural and sedimentary evolution, petroleum geological characteristics, and hydrocarbon distribution patterns of the basins. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon distribution in salt-bearing basins are thoroughly analyzed to deepen the understanding of regional hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in Central Asia. Since the Amu Darya Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are oil and gas-rich basins formed under different geological backgrounds, there are obvious differences in the tectonic evolution process, sedimentary strata and oil and gas geological characteristics of the two; however, the pre-salt basins have developed high-quality source rocks formed in the same rift period and depression period, with the characteristics of huge thickness, high organic matter abundance and high degree of thermal evolution. The extensive development of salt-bearing strata in the Amu Darya Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin controls the spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbons. This salt-bearing system divides the basins into two hydrocarbon accumulation systems: sub-salt and supra-salt rock sequences. Hydrocarbons are mainly concentrated in the sub-salt Callovian to Oxfordian carbonate reservoirs in the Amu Darya Basin and in the sub-salt Carboniferous to Lower Permian carbonate reservoirs in the Pre-Caspian Basin. Gypsum-salt cap rocks exhibit excellent sealing properties and, in conjunction with favorable reservoir facies in the structural positions of the paleo-uplift of the sub-salt rock sequences, provide optimal conditions for forming large oil and gas fields. Additionally, salt windows induced by deep faults, gypsum-salt pinch-out zones, and salt tectonic activities facilitate vertical migration of hydrocarbons in sub-salt source rocks, playing a crucial role in large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in supra-salt rock sequences.https://www.sysydz.net/cn/article/doi/10.11781/sysydz2025020336salt structurehydrocarbon accumulationmain controlling factorsamu darya basinpre-caspian basincentral asia
spellingShingle Li LIU
Kaixun ZHANG
Gang YU
Linjun YU
Haihua QIU
Yan ZHOU
Beiqi GE
Bakhtier NURTAEV
Shukhrat SHUKUROV
Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central Asia
Shiyou shiyan dizhi
salt structure
hydrocarbon accumulation
main controlling factors
amu darya basin
pre-caspian basin
central asia
title Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central Asia
title_full Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central Asia
title_fullStr Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central Asia
title_full_unstemmed Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central Asia
title_short Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt-bearing basins in Central Asia
title_sort hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of major salt bearing basins in central asia
topic salt structure
hydrocarbon accumulation
main controlling factors
amu darya basin
pre-caspian basin
central asia
url https://www.sysydz.net/cn/article/doi/10.11781/sysydz2025020336
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