Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive Control

With the rapid development of renewable energy, the widespread integration of power electronic devices into power generation systems has led to increased grid impedance and reduced short-circuit ratio (SCR), causing the grid to exhibit characteristics of weak or even extremely weak grids. This has p...

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Main Authors: Changzhou Yu, Qin Wang, Wei Fang, Yifei Wang, Haiyang Diao, Haizhen Xu, Leilei Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11003414/
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author Changzhou Yu
Qin Wang
Wei Fang
Yifei Wang
Haiyang Diao
Haizhen Xu
Leilei Guo
author_facet Changzhou Yu
Qin Wang
Wei Fang
Yifei Wang
Haiyang Diao
Haizhen Xu
Leilei Guo
author_sort Changzhou Yu
collection DOAJ
description With the rapid development of renewable energy, the widespread integration of power electronic devices into power generation systems has led to increased grid impedance and reduced short-circuit ratio (SCR), causing the grid to exhibit characteristics of weak or even extremely weak grids. This has posed significant challenges to traditional grid-following control strategies, resulting in increased grid harmonics, heightened instability risks, and frequent power generation system failures. In contrast, grid-forming control strategies, which provide active voltage support, have demonstrated superior stability in weak grid conditions. However, neither grid-following nor grid-forming control strategies alone can comprehensively meet the requirements of power systems in terms of stability, economic efficiency, and grid support. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) strategy that integrates grid-following and grid-forming control. First, a mathematical model of the grid-connected inverter is established, and stability analyses are conducted for both grid-following and grid-forming modes. Second, model predictive control algorithms are thoroughly investigated for both modes, and an optimized control strategy is selected through comparative analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the stability of grid-connected inverters under conditions of significantly increased grid impedance and reduced SCR, ensuring reliable operation of power systems. This approach holds substantial practical application value for modern power systems.
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issn 2644-1314
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spelling doaj-art-e41748e6a77544f893c434951efd69c12025-08-20T03:12:54ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics2644-13142025-01-01690991810.1109/OJPEL.2025.356998111003414Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive ControlChangzhou Yu0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-6340Qin Wang1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3625-7580Wei Fang2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0531-0935Yifei Wang3https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1144-4608Haiyang Diao4https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6007-8562Haizhen Xu5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-2849Leilei Guo6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-8657School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Hefei University, Anhui Province, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Hefei University, Anhui Province, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Hefei University, Anhui Province, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Hefei University, Anhui Province, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Hefei University, Anhui Province, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Hefei University, Anhui Province, Hefei, ChinaZhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, ChinaWith the rapid development of renewable energy, the widespread integration of power electronic devices into power generation systems has led to increased grid impedance and reduced short-circuit ratio (SCR), causing the grid to exhibit characteristics of weak or even extremely weak grids. This has posed significant challenges to traditional grid-following control strategies, resulting in increased grid harmonics, heightened instability risks, and frequent power generation system failures. In contrast, grid-forming control strategies, which provide active voltage support, have demonstrated superior stability in weak grid conditions. However, neither grid-following nor grid-forming control strategies alone can comprehensively meet the requirements of power systems in terms of stability, economic efficiency, and grid support. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) strategy that integrates grid-following and grid-forming control. First, a mathematical model of the grid-connected inverter is established, and stability analyses are conducted for both grid-following and grid-forming modes. Second, model predictive control algorithms are thoroughly investigated for both modes, and an optimized control strategy is selected through comparative analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the stability of grid-connected inverters under conditions of significantly increased grid impedance and reduced SCR, ensuring reliable operation of power systems. This approach holds substantial practical application value for modern power systems.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11003414/Grid-connected invertermodel predictive hybrid controlstability analysisweak grid
spellingShingle Changzhou Yu
Qin Wang
Wei Fang
Yifei Wang
Haiyang Diao
Haizhen Xu
Leilei Guo
Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive Control
IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics
Grid-connected inverter
model predictive hybrid control
stability analysis
weak grid
title Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive Control
title_full Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive Control
title_fullStr Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive Control
title_full_unstemmed Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive Control
title_short Research on Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Hybrid Control Based on Model Predictive Control
title_sort research on dynamic and steady state characteristics of grid following x002f grid forming hybrid control based on model predictive control
topic Grid-connected inverter
model predictive hybrid control
stability analysis
weak grid
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11003414/
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