Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilities

This study presents for the first time the direct digital light processing (DLP) based three-dimen­sional (3D) printing of metallopolymers featuring different kinds of metal complexes. 2-Phenoxyethyl acrylate and ligand-containing monomers based on terpyridine, and triphenylmethyl(trt)-histidine are...

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Main Authors: Michael Klein, Michael F. Agyemang, Oswald Müschke, Michael Schmitt, Jürgen Popp, Martin D. Hager, Stefan Zechel, Ulrich S. Schubert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virtual and Physical Prototyping
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2499470
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author Michael Klein
Michael F. Agyemang
Oswald Müschke
Michael Schmitt
Jürgen Popp
Martin D. Hager
Stefan Zechel
Ulrich S. Schubert
author_facet Michael Klein
Michael F. Agyemang
Oswald Müschke
Michael Schmitt
Jürgen Popp
Martin D. Hager
Stefan Zechel
Ulrich S. Schubert
author_sort Michael Klein
collection DOAJ
description This study presents for the first time the direct digital light processing (DLP) based three-dimen­sional (3D) printing of metallopolymers featuring different kinds of metal complexes. 2-Phenoxyethyl acrylate and ligand-containing monomers based on terpyridine, and triphenylmethyl(trt)-histidine are utilised. After successful complexation of zinc(II) and nickel(II) salts, respectively, within the monomer mixture the polymerisation via photo-induced printing is performed. The hereby obtained smart materials can be printed in any form ranging from simple rectangular rods to complex hollow structures. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Fourier-transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy reveal the successful imbedding and implementation into the polymeric structure. Additionally, an imaging across the 3D-printed structure could be performed indicating the equal distribution of the complexes in the structure. Furthermore, the 3D-printed specimens feature excellent shape-memory behaviour. Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) reveals fixity rates after mechanical deformation up to 100% and recovery rates up to 99%.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1745-2759
1745-2767
language English
publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Virtual and Physical Prototyping
spelling doaj-art-e40d47044af4408b8c06fa9a1a070a132025-08-20T03:26:56ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirtual and Physical Prototyping1745-27591745-27672025-12-0120110.1080/17452759.2025.2499470Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilitiesMichael Klein0Michael F. Agyemang1Oswald Müschke2Michael Schmitt3Jürgen Popp4Martin D. Hager5Stefan Zechel6Ulrich S. Schubert7Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyInstitute of Physical Chemistry (ICP) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyLaboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyInstitute of Physical Chemistry (ICP) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyJena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyLaboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyLaboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyLaboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, GermanyThis study presents for the first time the direct digital light processing (DLP) based three-dimen­sional (3D) printing of metallopolymers featuring different kinds of metal complexes. 2-Phenoxyethyl acrylate and ligand-containing monomers based on terpyridine, and triphenylmethyl(trt)-histidine are utilised. After successful complexation of zinc(II) and nickel(II) salts, respectively, within the monomer mixture the polymerisation via photo-induced printing is performed. The hereby obtained smart materials can be printed in any form ranging from simple rectangular rods to complex hollow structures. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Fourier-transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy reveal the successful imbedding and implementation into the polymeric structure. Additionally, an imaging across the 3D-printed structure could be performed indicating the equal distribution of the complexes in the structure. Furthermore, the 3D-printed specimens feature excellent shape-memory behaviour. Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) reveals fixity rates after mechanical deformation up to 100% and recovery rates up to 99%.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.24994703D-printingmetallopolymersshape-memory polymerssmart materialssupramolecular polymers
spellingShingle Michael Klein
Michael F. Agyemang
Oswald Müschke
Michael Schmitt
Jürgen Popp
Martin D. Hager
Stefan Zechel
Ulrich S. Schubert
Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilities
Virtual and Physical Prototyping
3D-printing
metallopolymers
shape-memory polymers
smart materials
supramolecular polymers
title Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilities
title_full Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilities
title_fullStr Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilities
title_full_unstemmed Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilities
title_short Direct DLP-based 3D-printing of metallopolymers featuring shape-memory abilities
title_sort direct dlp based 3d printing of metallopolymers featuring shape memory abilities
topic 3D-printing
metallopolymers
shape-memory polymers
smart materials
supramolecular polymers
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2499470
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