Trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background COVID-19 has affected many hospitalizations. In this study, we intended to understand the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on heart failure hospitalizations in the state of California. Method This study was a retrospective analysis of California State Inpatient Database during March...

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Main Authors: Muni Rubens, Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy, Anshul Saxena, Atulya Aman Khosla, Mayur Doke, Peter McGranaghan, Sandeep Appunni, Yanjia Zhang, Daniel Körfer, Sandra Chaparro, Javier Jimenez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21995-y
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author Muni Rubens
Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy
Anshul Saxena
Atulya Aman Khosla
Mayur Doke
Peter McGranaghan
Sandeep Appunni
Yanjia Zhang
Daniel Körfer
Sandra Chaparro
Javier Jimenez
author_facet Muni Rubens
Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy
Anshul Saxena
Atulya Aman Khosla
Mayur Doke
Peter McGranaghan
Sandeep Appunni
Yanjia Zhang
Daniel Körfer
Sandra Chaparro
Javier Jimenez
author_sort Muni Rubens
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background COVID-19 has affected many hospitalizations. In this study, we intended to understand the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on heart failure hospitalizations in the state of California. Method This study was a retrospective analysis of California State Inpatient Database during March to December of 2019 and 2020. Adult hospitalizations with heart failure were included for the analysis. Main outcome variables were in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation, mechanical circulatory support, vasopressor use, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results There were 450,771 (53.7%) heart failure hospitalizations during March to December of 2019, compared to 388,795 (46.3%) during March to December of 2020 (relative decrease, 13.7%). Heart failure hospitalization rates were lower during 2020, compared to 2019. Comparison of adverse hospital outcomes across the two-time frames showed that in-hospital mortality (2.9% versus 2.7%, P = 0.003), mechanical circulatory support (0.7% versus 0.5%. P < 0.001), vasopressor use (1.3% versus 1.0%, P < 0.001), and ARDS (0.1% versus 0.06%, P = 0.007) were significantly higher among hospitalizations in 2020. Regression analysis showed that the odds of in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06–1.11), mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.09), vasopressor use (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04–1.10), and ARDS (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.58–1.91) were significantly higher among heart failure hospitalizations in 2020. Conclusions Our study found that patients with heart failure hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic had greater in-hospital adverse events such as greater in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation use, vasopressor use, and ARDS. These findings warrant that heart failure required prompt hospitalization and treatment irrespective of restrictive mandates during COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling doaj-art-e3fe002c9ae54080921973693addcda22025-08-20T01:57:48ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-03-012511910.1186/s12889-025-21995-yTrends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemicMuni Rubens0Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy1Anshul Saxena2Atulya Aman Khosla3Mayur Doke4Peter McGranaghan5Sandeep Appunni6Yanjia Zhang7Daniel Körfer8Sandra Chaparro9Javier Jimenez10Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South FloridaCenter for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South FloridaHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International UniversityWilliam Beaumont University HospitalUniversity of MiamiSemmelweis Doctoral College, Semmelweis UniversityGovernment Medical CollegeCenter for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South FloridaMiami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South FloridaHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International UniversityHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International UniversityAbstract Background COVID-19 has affected many hospitalizations. In this study, we intended to understand the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on heart failure hospitalizations in the state of California. Method This study was a retrospective analysis of California State Inpatient Database during March to December of 2019 and 2020. Adult hospitalizations with heart failure were included for the analysis. Main outcome variables were in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation, mechanical circulatory support, vasopressor use, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results There were 450,771 (53.7%) heart failure hospitalizations during March to December of 2019, compared to 388,795 (46.3%) during March to December of 2020 (relative decrease, 13.7%). Heart failure hospitalization rates were lower during 2020, compared to 2019. Comparison of adverse hospital outcomes across the two-time frames showed that in-hospital mortality (2.9% versus 2.7%, P = 0.003), mechanical circulatory support (0.7% versus 0.5%. P < 0.001), vasopressor use (1.3% versus 1.0%, P < 0.001), and ARDS (0.1% versus 0.06%, P = 0.007) were significantly higher among hospitalizations in 2020. Regression analysis showed that the odds of in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06–1.11), mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.09), vasopressor use (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04–1.10), and ARDS (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.58–1.91) were significantly higher among heart failure hospitalizations in 2020. Conclusions Our study found that patients with heart failure hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic had greater in-hospital adverse events such as greater in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation use, vasopressor use, and ARDS. These findings warrant that heart failure required prompt hospitalization and treatment irrespective of restrictive mandates during COVID-19 pandemic.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21995-yCOVID-19Heart failureIn-hospital mortalityMechanical ventilationMechanical circulatory supportVasopressor use
spellingShingle Muni Rubens
Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy
Anshul Saxena
Atulya Aman Khosla
Mayur Doke
Peter McGranaghan
Sandeep Appunni
Yanjia Zhang
Daniel Körfer
Sandra Chaparro
Javier Jimenez
Trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic
BMC Public Health
COVID-19
Heart failure
In-hospital mortality
Mechanical ventilation
Mechanical circulatory support
Vasopressor use
title Trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic
title_full Trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic
title_fullStr Trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic
title_short Trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic
title_sort trends and outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations during covid 19 pandemic
topic COVID-19
Heart failure
In-hospital mortality
Mechanical ventilation
Mechanical circulatory support
Vasopressor use
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21995-y
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