Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials
Objectives: Little is known about the impact of patient age and biological sex on immune responses to melanoma vaccines, especially CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immune responses to peptides presented by Class II MHC molecules. Methods: We assessed the impact of age and sex on CD4+ T cell and a...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/2/194 |
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| author | Serena M. Vilasi Craig L. Slingluff |
| author_facet | Serena M. Vilasi Craig L. Slingluff |
| author_sort | Serena M. Vilasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Little is known about the impact of patient age and biological sex on immune responses to melanoma vaccines, especially CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immune responses to peptides presented by Class II MHC molecules. Methods: We assessed the impact of age and sex on CD4+ T cell and antibody responses to a mixture of six melanoma helper peptides (6MHP) and on CD8+ T cell responses when vaccinating with 12 class I MHC-restricted melanoma peptides (12MP) plus either 6MHP or a tetanus helper T cell peptide (Tet). We hypothesized that immune responses would be greater in men and in younger patients. Results: We found differences in immune response by sex, but they favored female patients and were only evident for helper T cell responses to Tet with a weak trend to higher T cell responses to 12MP in female patients vaccinated with 12MP + Tet. The age-based differences favored younger patients but only for immune response to 12MP when inoculated with 12MP + Tet. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the importance of assessing sex- and age-based differences in immune responses to cancer vaccines and other immune therapies. There is also a need to understand the reasons for such differences. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e3f4189a7d7b4233a97a7e6442dca8f4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-e3f4189a7d7b4233a97a7e6442dca8f42025-08-20T02:17:24ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-02-0113219410.3390/vaccines13020194Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical TrialsSerena M. Vilasi0Craig L. Slingluff1School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USADepartment of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USAObjectives: Little is known about the impact of patient age and biological sex on immune responses to melanoma vaccines, especially CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immune responses to peptides presented by Class II MHC molecules. Methods: We assessed the impact of age and sex on CD4+ T cell and antibody responses to a mixture of six melanoma helper peptides (6MHP) and on CD8+ T cell responses when vaccinating with 12 class I MHC-restricted melanoma peptides (12MP) plus either 6MHP or a tetanus helper T cell peptide (Tet). We hypothesized that immune responses would be greater in men and in younger patients. Results: We found differences in immune response by sex, but they favored female patients and were only evident for helper T cell responses to Tet with a weak trend to higher T cell responses to 12MP in female patients vaccinated with 12MP + Tet. The age-based differences favored younger patients but only for immune response to 12MP when inoculated with 12MP + Tet. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the importance of assessing sex- and age-based differences in immune responses to cancer vaccines and other immune therapies. There is also a need to understand the reasons for such differences.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/2/194melanoma vaccinepeptide vaccineT cell responsepatient sexpatient age |
| spellingShingle | Serena M. Vilasi Craig L. Slingluff Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials Vaccines melanoma vaccine peptide vaccine T cell response patient sex patient age |
| title | Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials |
| title_full | Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials |
| title_fullStr | Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials |
| title_short | Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials |
| title_sort | sex and age based differences in immune responses to a peptide vaccine for melanoma in two clinical trials |
| topic | melanoma vaccine peptide vaccine T cell response patient sex patient age |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/2/194 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT serenamvilasi sexandagebaseddifferencesinimmuneresponsestoapeptidevaccineformelanomaintwoclinicaltrials AT craiglslingluff sexandagebaseddifferencesinimmuneresponsestoapeptidevaccineformelanomaintwoclinicaltrials |