Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops
ABSTRACT Purpose The vagal sensory nerve (VSN) is an essential interoceptive pathway that is connected to every level of the body. Its intricate genetic coding provides sustenance for physiological processes, including controlling blood pressure and respiration. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a proven s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Brain and Behavior |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70076 |
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| author | Yun Liu Tiancheng Xu Zhi Yu Bin Xu |
| author_facet | Yun Liu Tiancheng Xu Zhi Yu Bin Xu |
| author_sort | Yun Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Purpose The vagal sensory nerve (VSN) is an essential interoceptive pathway that is connected to every level of the body. Its intricate genetic coding provides sustenance for physiological processes, including controlling blood pressure and respiration. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a proven surface stimulation therapy that can regulate vagal nerve activity, which can effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases. A growing number of studies have concentrated on the mapping of VSN codes, but little is known, and the physiological background of how EA influences interoceptive has not been fully explored. Method Here, we incorporate the hypothesized interaction among EA targets, VSNs, and the heart. This offers suggestions for using a versatile and focused EA strategy to modify vagal interoceptive awareness to enhance cardiovascular conditions. We first clarified the major role of vagal nerve in the control of cardiac activity. Additionally, we clarified the multidimensional coding pattern in the VSNs, revealing that the targeted control of multimodal interoceptive is the functional basis of the synchronization of cardiovascular system. Finding We propose a strategy in which EA of the VSNs is employed to activate the interoceptive loop and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e3e09dc72e7e4bdb9923b8d3f5fe423c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2162-3279 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain and Behavior |
| spelling | doaj-art-e3e09dc72e7e4bdb9923b8d3f5fe423c2025-08-20T02:12:02ZengWileyBrain and Behavior2162-32792024-10-011410n/an/a10.1002/brb3.70076Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive LoopsYun Liu0Tiancheng Xu1Zhi Yu2Bin Xu3Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing ChinaKey Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing ChinaKey Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing ChinaKey Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing ChinaABSTRACT Purpose The vagal sensory nerve (VSN) is an essential interoceptive pathway that is connected to every level of the body. Its intricate genetic coding provides sustenance for physiological processes, including controlling blood pressure and respiration. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a proven surface stimulation therapy that can regulate vagal nerve activity, which can effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases. A growing number of studies have concentrated on the mapping of VSN codes, but little is known, and the physiological background of how EA influences interoceptive has not been fully explored. Method Here, we incorporate the hypothesized interaction among EA targets, VSNs, and the heart. This offers suggestions for using a versatile and focused EA strategy to modify vagal interoceptive awareness to enhance cardiovascular conditions. We first clarified the major role of vagal nerve in the control of cardiac activity. Additionally, we clarified the multidimensional coding pattern in the VSNs, revealing that the targeted control of multimodal interoceptive is the functional basis of the synchronization of cardiovascular system. Finding We propose a strategy in which EA of the VSNs is employed to activate the interoceptive loop and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70076cardiovascular | electroacupuncture stimulation | somatic afferent nerve | vagal interoceptive |
| spellingShingle | Yun Liu Tiancheng Xu Zhi Yu Bin Xu Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops Brain and Behavior cardiovascular | electroacupuncture stimulation | somatic afferent nerve | vagal interoceptive |
| title | Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops |
| title_full | Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops |
| title_fullStr | Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops |
| title_short | Neurophysiological Basis of Electroacupuncture Stimulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular‐Related Diseases: Vagal Interoceptive Loops |
| title_sort | neurophysiological basis of electroacupuncture stimulation in the treatment of cardiovascular related diseases vagal interoceptive loops |
| topic | cardiovascular | electroacupuncture stimulation | somatic afferent nerve | vagal interoceptive |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70076 |
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