Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission Reduction
Hydrogen internal combustion engines (ICEs) have gained significant attention as a promising solution for achieving zero-carbon emissions in the transportation sector. This study investigates the conversion of a 2 L Diesel ICE into a lean hydrogen-powered ICE, focusing on key challenges such as hydr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Fuels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/6/2/27 |
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| author | Bogdan Suatean Grigore Cican Stephane Guilain Guillermo De-Paz-Alcolado |
| author_facet | Bogdan Suatean Grigore Cican Stephane Guilain Guillermo De-Paz-Alcolado |
| author_sort | Bogdan Suatean |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrogen internal combustion engines (ICEs) have gained significant attention as a promising solution for achieving zero-carbon emissions in the transportation sector. This study investigates the conversion of a 2 L Diesel ICE into a lean hydrogen-powered ICE, focusing on key challenges such as hydrogen mixing, pre-ignition, combustion flame development, and NOx emissions. The novelty of this research lies in the specific modifications made to optimize engine performance and reduce emissions while utilizing the existing Diesel engine infrastructure. The study identifies several important design changes for the successful conversion of a Diesel engine to hydrogen, including the following: Intake port design: transitioning from a swirl to a tumble design to enhance hydrogen mixing; Injection and spark plug configuration: using a lateral injection system combined with a central spark plug to improve combustion; Piston design: employing a lenticular piston shape with adaptable depth to enhance mixing; Mitigating Coanda effect: preventing hydrogen issues at the spark plug using deflectors or caps; and Head design: maintaining a flat head design for efficient mixing, while ensuring adequate cooling to avoid pre-ignition. These findings highlight the importance of specific modifications for converting Diesel engines to hydrogen, providing a solid foundation for further research in hydrogen-powered ICEs, which could contribute to carbon emission reduction and a more sustainable energy transition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e3dcd09da85946ec91eec469a7ee88be |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-3994 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fuels |
| spelling | doaj-art-e3dcd09da85946ec91eec469a7ee88be2025-08-20T02:20:57ZengMDPI AGFuels2673-39942025-04-01622710.3390/fuels6020027Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission ReductionBogdan Suatean0Grigore Cican1Stephane Guilain2Guillermo De-Paz-Alcolado3Horse Romania, Str. Preciziei 3G, 062204 Buhcarest, RomaniaNational Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 061126 Bucharest, RomaniaAmpere Renault Centre Technique de Lardy, 1, Allée Cornuel, 91510 Lardy, FranceHorse Spain, AV DE Madrid 72, 47008 Valladolid, SpainHydrogen internal combustion engines (ICEs) have gained significant attention as a promising solution for achieving zero-carbon emissions in the transportation sector. This study investigates the conversion of a 2 L Diesel ICE into a lean hydrogen-powered ICE, focusing on key challenges such as hydrogen mixing, pre-ignition, combustion flame development, and NOx emissions. The novelty of this research lies in the specific modifications made to optimize engine performance and reduce emissions while utilizing the existing Diesel engine infrastructure. The study identifies several important design changes for the successful conversion of a Diesel engine to hydrogen, including the following: Intake port design: transitioning from a swirl to a tumble design to enhance hydrogen mixing; Injection and spark plug configuration: using a lateral injection system combined with a central spark plug to improve combustion; Piston design: employing a lenticular piston shape with adaptable depth to enhance mixing; Mitigating Coanda effect: preventing hydrogen issues at the spark plug using deflectors or caps; and Head design: maintaining a flat head design for efficient mixing, while ensuring adequate cooling to avoid pre-ignition. These findings highlight the importance of specific modifications for converting Diesel engines to hydrogen, providing a solid foundation for further research in hydrogen-powered ICEs, which could contribute to carbon emission reduction and a more sustainable energy transition.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/6/2/27hydrogendieselCFDadaptationtumbleswirl |
| spellingShingle | Bogdan Suatean Grigore Cican Stephane Guilain Guillermo De-Paz-Alcolado Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission Reduction Fuels hydrogen diesel CFD adaptation tumble swirl |
| title | Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission Reduction |
| title_full | Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission Reduction |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission Reduction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission Reduction |
| title_short | Optimization of Hydrogen Combustion in Diesel Engines: A CFD-Based Approach for Efficient Hydrogen Mixing and Emission Reduction |
| title_sort | optimization of hydrogen combustion in diesel engines a cfd based approach for efficient hydrogen mixing and emission reduction |
| topic | hydrogen diesel CFD adaptation tumble swirl |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/6/2/27 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bogdansuatean optimizationofhydrogencombustionindieselenginesacfdbasedapproachforefficienthydrogenmixingandemissionreduction AT grigorecican optimizationofhydrogencombustionindieselenginesacfdbasedapproachforefficienthydrogenmixingandemissionreduction AT stephaneguilain optimizationofhydrogencombustionindieselenginesacfdbasedapproachforefficienthydrogenmixingandemissionreduction AT guillermodepazalcolado optimizationofhydrogencombustionindieselenginesacfdbasedapproachforefficienthydrogenmixingandemissionreduction |