Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire prediction

Climate change has caused increasingly frequent occurrences of forest fires around the world. Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence models have emerged to predict both the onset of wildfires and evaluate the extent of damage a wildfire would cause. However, understanding what factors lea...

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Main Authors: Abira Sengupta, Brendon J. Woodford
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Applied Computing and Geosciences
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590197425000485
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author Abira Sengupta
Brendon J. Woodford
author_facet Abira Sengupta
Brendon J. Woodford
author_sort Abira Sengupta
collection DOAJ
description Climate change has caused increasingly frequent occurrences of forest fires around the world. Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence models have emerged to predict both the onset of wildfires and evaluate the extent of damage a wildfire would cause. However, understanding what factors lead to generating models that exhibit optimal performance and providing insight into the importance of features on model outcomes is the subject of ongoing research. To help answer these questions, we propose a framework which adopts recent advances in methods for obtaining optimal models along with the application of SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to obtain the most important features which affect the performance of wildfire prediction models. We use this framework as a classification task to predict the likelihood of wildfire occurrence based on environmental conditions, using a data set which represents instances of forest fires in Algerian, and as a regression task to predict the burned area once a wildfire has begun, using a data set from Portugal that recorded the area burned after a fire event. Insights provided by this framework allow us to assess the efficacy of specific ML models for wildfire prediction, ultimately making recommendations as to which ML models are more suited towards these challenging tasks.
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spelling doaj-art-e3d8e842496f4a18be54302316e16c0e2025-08-20T03:45:12ZengElsevierApplied Computing and Geosciences2590-19742025-09-012710026610.1016/j.acags.2025.100266Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire predictionAbira Sengupta0Brendon J. Woodford1Corresponding author.; School of Computing, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New ZealandSchool of Computing, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New ZealandClimate change has caused increasingly frequent occurrences of forest fires around the world. Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence models have emerged to predict both the onset of wildfires and evaluate the extent of damage a wildfire would cause. However, understanding what factors lead to generating models that exhibit optimal performance and providing insight into the importance of features on model outcomes is the subject of ongoing research. To help answer these questions, we propose a framework which adopts recent advances in methods for obtaining optimal models along with the application of SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to obtain the most important features which affect the performance of wildfire prediction models. We use this framework as a classification task to predict the likelihood of wildfire occurrence based on environmental conditions, using a data set which represents instances of forest fires in Algerian, and as a regression task to predict the burned area once a wildfire has begun, using a data set from Portugal that recorded the area burned after a fire event. Insights provided by this framework allow us to assess the efficacy of specific ML models for wildfire prediction, ultimately making recommendations as to which ML models are more suited towards these challenging tasks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590197425000485Forest firesMachine learningHyper-parameter optimisationSHAP valuesExplainable artificial intelligence
spellingShingle Abira Sengupta
Brendon J. Woodford
Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire prediction
Applied Computing and Geosciences
Forest fires
Machine learning
Hyper-parameter optimisation
SHAP values
Explainable artificial intelligence
title Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire prediction
title_full Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire prediction
title_fullStr Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire prediction
title_full_unstemmed Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire prediction
title_short Recent advances in explainable Machine Learning models for wildfire prediction
title_sort recent advances in explainable machine learning models for wildfire prediction
topic Forest fires
Machine learning
Hyper-parameter optimisation
SHAP values
Explainable artificial intelligence
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590197425000485
work_keys_str_mv AT abirasengupta recentadvancesinexplainablemachinelearningmodelsforwildfireprediction
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