The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases
<i>Blastocystis</i> spp. has been linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, yet its pathogenicity remains uncertain. In addition, the roles of virulence factors, pathogenic potential, and host-specific traits associated with symptomatic infections are still not well understood. The growing nu...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Oliwia Pawelec-Pęciak Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk Konrad Grzeszczak Danuta Kosik-Bogacka |
| author_facet | Oliwia Pawelec-Pęciak Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk Konrad Grzeszczak Danuta Kosik-Bogacka |
| author_sort | Oliwia Pawelec-Pęciak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. has been linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, yet its pathogenicity remains uncertain. In addition, the roles of virulence factors, pathogenic potential, and host-specific traits associated with symptomatic infections are still not well understood. The growing number of immunocompromised patients has contributed to an increasing prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. infections, which may be implicated in the development of various inflammatory diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), colorectal cancer, and autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s disease and ulcerative colitis. However, the presence of nonspecific symptoms often complicates diagnosis. This study aimed to present current data on the impact of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. on the development and progression of gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases, as well as to explore potential treatment options for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. infections. A literature review was conducted to analyze the role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the pathogenesis of specific diseases and to investigate potential mechanisms of its interaction with the host organism. Advances in diagnostic techniques, particularly PCR, allow not only for the detection of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. but also for the identification of specific subtypes, improving treatment precision. Beyond conventional therapies like metronidazole, there is a growing emphasis on alternative treatments, including the use of medicinal plants and probiotics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e3c89ee77c4b41eea3c9dda44a154643 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-e3c89ee77c4b41eea3c9dda44a1546432025-08-20T03:13:53ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-03-0114431310.3390/pathogens14040313The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune DiseasesOliwia Pawelec-Pęciak0Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk1Konrad Grzeszczak2Danuta Kosik-Bogacka3Department of Biology, Parasitology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biology, Parasitology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biology, Parasitology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland<i>Blastocystis</i> spp. has been linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, yet its pathogenicity remains uncertain. In addition, the roles of virulence factors, pathogenic potential, and host-specific traits associated with symptomatic infections are still not well understood. The growing number of immunocompromised patients has contributed to an increasing prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. infections, which may be implicated in the development of various inflammatory diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), colorectal cancer, and autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s disease and ulcerative colitis. However, the presence of nonspecific symptoms often complicates diagnosis. This study aimed to present current data on the impact of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. on the development and progression of gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases, as well as to explore potential treatment options for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. infections. A literature review was conducted to analyze the role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the pathogenesis of specific diseases and to investigate potential mechanisms of its interaction with the host organism. Advances in diagnostic techniques, particularly PCR, allow not only for the detection of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. but also for the identification of specific subtypes, improving treatment precision. Beyond conventional therapies like metronidazole, there is a growing emphasis on alternative treatments, including the use of medicinal plants and probiotics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/313<i>Blastocystis</i> spp.autoimmune diseasesIBSCRCtreatmentmetronidazole |
| spellingShingle | Oliwia Pawelec-Pęciak Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk Konrad Grzeszczak Danuta Kosik-Bogacka The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases Pathogens <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. autoimmune diseases IBS CRC treatment metronidazole |
| title | The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full | The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_fullStr | The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_short | The Role of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_sort | role of i blastocystis i spp in the etiology of gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases |
| topic | <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. autoimmune diseases IBS CRC treatment metronidazole |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/313 |
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