Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and several common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Methods We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from genome-wide association s...

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Main Authors: Huan Xia, Zi-Hao Wang, Xiao-Bei Wang, Mei-Rong Gao, Sen Jiang, Xin-Yu Du, Xin-Ling Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Neurology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04176-7
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author Huan Xia
Zi-Hao Wang
Xiao-Bei Wang
Mei-Rong Gao
Sen Jiang
Xin-Yu Du
Xin-Ling Yang
author_facet Huan Xia
Zi-Hao Wang
Xiao-Bei Wang
Mei-Rong Gao
Sen Jiang
Xin-Yu Du
Xin-Ling Yang
author_sort Huan Xia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and several common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Methods We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as instrumental variables (IVs). After screening for relevance and potential confounders, we estimated the association between mtDNA copy number and NDs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Additionally, we validated our findings using GWAS data on mtDNA copy number from Longchamps et al., sourced from the Genetics Epidemiology Consortium and the UK Biobank (UKB) aging study cohort. Results A GWAS analysis of 395,718 UKB participants found no significant association between mtDNA copy number and the risk of NDs, including AD (OR = 0.956, P = 0.708), PD (OR = 1.223, P = 0.179), ALS (OR = 0.972, P = 0.374), and MS (OR = 0.932, P = 0.789). Similarly, reverse MR analysis revealed no significant relationship between genetic predictions of NDs and mtDNA copy number: AD (OR = 0.987, P = 0.062), PD (OR = 0.997, P = 0.514), ALS (OR = 0.974, P = 0.706), and MS (OR = 1.003, P = 0.181). Conclusion Although mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of NDs, no clear evidence supports a causal role for mtDNA copy number. The relationship between mtDNA copy number and NDs is likely mediated by more complex molecular regulatory mechanisms. Further research is required to elucidate these intricate interactions.
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spelling doaj-art-e3bc6310bece4c86aaf25fb3846834c62025-08-20T02:17:57ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772025-04-012511910.1186/s12883-025-04176-7Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseasesHuan Xia0Zi-Hao Wang1Xiao-Bei Wang2Mei-Rong Gao3Sen Jiang4Xin-Yu Du5Xin-Ling Yang6Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Jiangsu Provincial People’s HospitalXinjiang Medical UniversityAbstract Objective This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and several common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Methods We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as instrumental variables (IVs). After screening for relevance and potential confounders, we estimated the association between mtDNA copy number and NDs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Additionally, we validated our findings using GWAS data on mtDNA copy number from Longchamps et al., sourced from the Genetics Epidemiology Consortium and the UK Biobank (UKB) aging study cohort. Results A GWAS analysis of 395,718 UKB participants found no significant association between mtDNA copy number and the risk of NDs, including AD (OR = 0.956, P = 0.708), PD (OR = 1.223, P = 0.179), ALS (OR = 0.972, P = 0.374), and MS (OR = 0.932, P = 0.789). Similarly, reverse MR analysis revealed no significant relationship between genetic predictions of NDs and mtDNA copy number: AD (OR = 0.987, P = 0.062), PD (OR = 0.997, P = 0.514), ALS (OR = 0.974, P = 0.706), and MS (OR = 1.003, P = 0.181). Conclusion Although mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of NDs, no clear evidence supports a causal role for mtDNA copy number. The relationship between mtDNA copy number and NDs is likely mediated by more complex molecular regulatory mechanisms. Further research is required to elucidate these intricate interactions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04176-7Neurodegenerative diseasesMitochondrial DNA copy numberMendelian randomization analysisGenome-wide association studies
spellingShingle Huan Xia
Zi-Hao Wang
Xiao-Bei Wang
Mei-Rong Gao
Sen Jiang
Xin-Yu Du
Xin-Ling Yang
Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseases
BMC Neurology
Neurodegenerative diseases
Mitochondrial DNA copy number
Mendelian randomization analysis
Genome-wide association studies
title Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseases
title_full Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseases
title_fullStr Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseases
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseases
title_short Investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with neurodegenerative diseases
title_sort investigating the genetic association of mitochondrial dna copy number with neurodegenerative diseases
topic Neurodegenerative diseases
Mitochondrial DNA copy number
Mendelian randomization analysis
Genome-wide association studies
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04176-7
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