Assessment of forest soil contamination by heavy metals in the Polish National Park near Warsaw

Assessment of forest soil contamination by heavy metals in the Polish National Park near Warsaw

Abstract The forest ecosystems are essential for human well-being development and reduction of the risk of natural disasters. Maintaining forest growth and ecosystem services is dependent on soil sustainability. The content of heavy metals is the main parameter determining the degree of soil contami...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aneta Łukaszek-Chmielewska, Joanna Rakowska, Marzena Rachwał, Olga Stawarz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Heavy metals
Soil pollution
Ecological indicators
Environmental risk
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88754-2
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