A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBA

The joint optimization of fleet size and task allocation presents a critical challenge in deploying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for time-sensitive missions such as emergency logistics. Conventional approaches often rely on pre-determined fleet sizes or computationally intensive centralized optim...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yongchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Helin Ye, Zhuoyong Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Drones
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/7/501
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850076874725654528
author Yongchao Zhang
Wei Xu
Helin Ye
Zhuoyong Shi
author_facet Yongchao Zhang
Wei Xu
Helin Ye
Zhuoyong Shi
author_sort Yongchao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The joint optimization of fleet size and task allocation presents a critical challenge in deploying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for time-sensitive missions such as emergency logistics. Conventional approaches often rely on pre-determined fleet sizes or computationally intensive centralized optimizers, which can lead to suboptimal performance. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel two-stage hierarchical framework that integrates the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA). At the strategic level, the GWO determines the optimal number of UAVs by minimizing a comprehensive cost function that balances mission efficiency and operational costs. Subsequently, at the tactical level, the CBBA performs decentralized, real-time task allocation for the optimally sized fleet. We validated our GWO-CBBA framework through extensive simulations against three benchmarks: a standard CBBA with a fixed fleet, a centralized Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach, and a Greedy Heuristic algorithm. The results are compelling: our framework demonstrates superior performance across all key metrics, reducing the overall scheduling cost by 13.2–36.5%, minimizing UAV mileage cost and significantly decreasing total task waiting time. This work provides a robust and efficient solution that effectively balances operational costs with service quality for dynamic multi-UAV scheduling problems.
format Article
id doaj-art-e39b994de97243b49db2e17bef41ab4a
institution DOAJ
issn 2504-446X
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Drones
spelling doaj-art-e39b994de97243b49db2e17bef41ab4a2025-08-20T02:45:55ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2025-07-019750110.3390/drones9070501A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBAYongchao Zhang0Wei Xu1Helin Ye2Zhuoyong Shi3School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University City College, Xi’an 710018, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University City College, Xi’an 710018, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University City College, Xi’an 710018, ChinaFaculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, SingaporeThe joint optimization of fleet size and task allocation presents a critical challenge in deploying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for time-sensitive missions such as emergency logistics. Conventional approaches often rely on pre-determined fleet sizes or computationally intensive centralized optimizers, which can lead to suboptimal performance. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel two-stage hierarchical framework that integrates the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA). At the strategic level, the GWO determines the optimal number of UAVs by minimizing a comprehensive cost function that balances mission efficiency and operational costs. Subsequently, at the tactical level, the CBBA performs decentralized, real-time task allocation for the optimally sized fleet. We validated our GWO-CBBA framework through extensive simulations against three benchmarks: a standard CBBA with a fixed fleet, a centralized Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach, and a Greedy Heuristic algorithm. The results are compelling: our framework demonstrates superior performance across all key metrics, reducing the overall scheduling cost by 13.2–36.5%, minimizing UAV mileage cost and significantly decreasing total task waiting time. This work provides a robust and efficient solution that effectively balances operational costs with service quality for dynamic multi-UAV scheduling problems.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/7/501unmanned aerial vehiclesconsensus bundle algorithmintegrated UAV schedulingtask allocation
spellingShingle Yongchao Zhang
Wei Xu
Helin Ye
Zhuoyong Shi
A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBA
Drones
unmanned aerial vehicles
consensus bundle algorithm
integrated UAV scheduling
task allocation
title A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBA
title_full A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBA
title_fullStr A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBA
title_full_unstemmed A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBA
title_short A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for UAV Fleet Sizing and Task Allocation in Emergency Logistics Using the GWO and CBBA
title_sort two stage optimization framework for uav fleet sizing and task allocation in emergency logistics using the gwo and cbba
topic unmanned aerial vehicles
consensus bundle algorithm
integrated UAV scheduling
task allocation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/7/501
work_keys_str_mv AT yongchaozhang atwostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba
AT weixu atwostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba
AT helinye atwostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba
AT zhuoyongshi atwostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba
AT yongchaozhang twostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba
AT weixu twostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba
AT helinye twostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba
AT zhuoyongshi twostageoptimizationframeworkforuavfleetsizingandtaskallocationinemergencylogisticsusingthegwoandcbba