Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power Source

This study aims to explore a new concept for a Power to Heat (P2H) device and demonstrate its effectiveness compared to a thermal heating method. The proposed concept is a medium-temperature system where electro-thermal conversion occurs via the Joule effect in a metallic tube (resistive element). T...

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Main Authors: Raffaele Liberatore, Daniele Nicolini, Michela Lanchi, Adio Miliozzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3511
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author Raffaele Liberatore
Daniele Nicolini
Michela Lanchi
Adio Miliozzi
author_facet Raffaele Liberatore
Daniele Nicolini
Michela Lanchi
Adio Miliozzi
author_sort Raffaele Liberatore
collection DOAJ
description This study aims to explore a new concept for a Power to Heat (P2H) device and demonstrate its effectiveness compared to a thermal heating method. The proposed concept is a medium-temperature system where electro-thermal conversion occurs via the Joule effect in a metallic tube (resistive element). This tube also serves as a heat exchange surface between the heat transfer fluid and the thermal storage medium. The heat storage material here proposed consists of base concrete formulated on purpose to ensure its operation at high temperatures, good performance and prolongated thermal stability. The addition of 10%<sub>wt</sub> phase change material (i.e., solar salts) stabilized in shape through a diatomite porous matrix allows the energy density stored in the medium itself to increase (hybrid sensible/latent system). Testing of the heat storage module has been conducted within a temperature range of 220–280 °C. An experimental comparison of charging times has demonstrated that electric heating exhibits faster dynamics compared to thermal heating. In both electrical and thermal heating methods, the concrete module has achieved 86% of its theoretical storage capacity, limited by thermal losses. In conclusion, this study successfully demonstrates the viability and efficiency of the proposed hybrid sensible/latent P2H system, highlighting the faster charging dynamics of direct electrical heating compared to conventional thermal methods, while achieving a comparable storage capacity despite thermal losses.
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issn 1996-1073
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-e395f6fcfc7341b2a537d17817240a5a2025-08-20T03:28:30ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011813351110.3390/en18133511Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power SourceRaffaele Liberatore0Daniele Nicolini1Michela Lanchi2Adio Miliozzi3ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, ItalyENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, ItalyENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, ItalyENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, ItalyThis study aims to explore a new concept for a Power to Heat (P2H) device and demonstrate its effectiveness compared to a thermal heating method. The proposed concept is a medium-temperature system where electro-thermal conversion occurs via the Joule effect in a metallic tube (resistive element). This tube also serves as a heat exchange surface between the heat transfer fluid and the thermal storage medium. The heat storage material here proposed consists of base concrete formulated on purpose to ensure its operation at high temperatures, good performance and prolongated thermal stability. The addition of 10%<sub>wt</sub> phase change material (i.e., solar salts) stabilized in shape through a diatomite porous matrix allows the energy density stored in the medium itself to increase (hybrid sensible/latent system). Testing of the heat storage module has been conducted within a temperature range of 220–280 °C. An experimental comparison of charging times has demonstrated that electric heating exhibits faster dynamics compared to thermal heating. In both electrical and thermal heating methods, the concrete module has achieved 86% of its theoretical storage capacity, limited by thermal losses. In conclusion, this study successfully demonstrates the viability and efficiency of the proposed hybrid sensible/latent P2H system, highlighting the faster charging dynamics of direct electrical heating compared to conventional thermal methods, while achieving a comparable storage capacity despite thermal losses.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3511thermal energy storagerenewable energy sourcethermal–electric energy storageconcrete-based storage
spellingShingle Raffaele Liberatore
Daniele Nicolini
Michela Lanchi
Adio Miliozzi
Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power Source
Energies
thermal energy storage
renewable energy source
thermal–electric energy storage
concrete-based storage
title Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power Source
title_full Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power Source
title_fullStr Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power Source
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power Source
title_short Experimental Testing of New Concrete-Based, Medium-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Charged by Both a Thermal and Electrical Power Source
title_sort experimental testing of new concrete based medium temperature thermal energy storage charged by both a thermal and electrical power source
topic thermal energy storage
renewable energy source
thermal–electric energy storage
concrete-based storage
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3511
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AT danielenicolini experimentaltestingofnewconcretebasedmediumtemperaturethermalenergystoragechargedbybothathermalandelectricalpowersource
AT michelalanchi experimentaltestingofnewconcretebasedmediumtemperaturethermalenergystoragechargedbybothathermalandelectricalpowersource
AT adiomiliozzi experimentaltestingofnewconcretebasedmediumtemperaturethermalenergystoragechargedbybothathermalandelectricalpowersource