Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital
Linezolid-non-susceptible <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (LNSEf) has emerged as a critical clinical concern worldwide, yet data from Latin American settings remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and mechanisms underlying LNSEf in a Mexican tertiary care...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/684 |
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| author | Pedro Martínez-Ayala Leonardo Perales-Guerrero Adolfo Gómez-Quiroz Brenda Berenice Avila-Cardenas Karen Gómez-Portilla Edson Alberto Rea-Márquez Violeta Cassandra Vera-Cuevas Crisoforo Alejandro Gómez-Quiroz Jaime Briseno-Ramírez Judith Carolina De Arcos-Jiménez |
| author_facet | Pedro Martínez-Ayala Leonardo Perales-Guerrero Adolfo Gómez-Quiroz Brenda Berenice Avila-Cardenas Karen Gómez-Portilla Edson Alberto Rea-Márquez Violeta Cassandra Vera-Cuevas Crisoforo Alejandro Gómez-Quiroz Jaime Briseno-Ramírez Judith Carolina De Arcos-Jiménez |
| author_sort | Pedro Martínez-Ayala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Linezolid-non-susceptible <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (LNSEf) has emerged as a critical clinical concern worldwide, yet data from Latin American settings remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and mechanisms underlying LNSEf in a Mexican tertiary care university hospital, focusing on clinical correlates and clonal relationships. A total of 392 non-duplicated <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates were collected over 12 months, of which 24 with minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥4 µg/mL underwent whole-genome sequencing to identify specific resistance determinants (<i>optrA</i>, <i>cfrA</i>, <i>23S rRNA</i> mutations) and to perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analyses. Of the 392 isolates, 6.12% showed linezolid non-susceptibility, predominantly linked to plasmid- or chromosomally encoded <i>optrA</i>; only two isolates carried <i>cfrA</i>. No mutations were detected in 23S rRNA domain V or ribosomal proteins L3/L4. Clinically, LNSEf strains were associated with immunosuppression, previous surgical interventions, and prolonged hospital stays. Although most LNSEf isolates retained susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, and daptomycin, they exhibited high rates of resistance to other antibiotic classes, particularly aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. These findings underscore the emergence of LNSEf in this region, highlighting the need for robust genomic surveillance, strict infection control, and judicious antimicrobial stewardship to curb further dissemination. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e381a8df7f744b83ba53f6c0ba4a7d4d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-e381a8df7f744b83ba53f6c0ba4a7d4d2025-08-20T03:43:29ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-03-0113368410.3390/microorganisms13030684Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University HospitalPedro Martínez-Ayala0Leonardo Perales-Guerrero1Adolfo Gómez-Quiroz2Brenda Berenice Avila-Cardenas3Karen Gómez-Portilla4Edson Alberto Rea-Márquez5Violeta Cassandra Vera-Cuevas6Crisoforo Alejandro Gómez-Quiroz7Jaime Briseno-Ramírez8Judith Carolina De Arcos-Jiménez9HIV Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, MexicoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, MexicoMicrobiology Laboratory, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, MexicoMicrobiology Laboratory, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, MexicoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, MexicoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, MexicoSequencing Research and Development, Abalat, Ciudad de México 14000, MexicoMicrobiology Laboratory, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, MexicoHealth Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, MexicoHealth Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, MexicoLinezolid-non-susceptible <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (LNSEf) has emerged as a critical clinical concern worldwide, yet data from Latin American settings remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and mechanisms underlying LNSEf in a Mexican tertiary care university hospital, focusing on clinical correlates and clonal relationships. A total of 392 non-duplicated <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates were collected over 12 months, of which 24 with minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥4 µg/mL underwent whole-genome sequencing to identify specific resistance determinants (<i>optrA</i>, <i>cfrA</i>, <i>23S rRNA</i> mutations) and to perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analyses. Of the 392 isolates, 6.12% showed linezolid non-susceptibility, predominantly linked to plasmid- or chromosomally encoded <i>optrA</i>; only two isolates carried <i>cfrA</i>. No mutations were detected in 23S rRNA domain V or ribosomal proteins L3/L4. Clinically, LNSEf strains were associated with immunosuppression, previous surgical interventions, and prolonged hospital stays. Although most LNSEf isolates retained susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, and daptomycin, they exhibited high rates of resistance to other antibiotic classes, particularly aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. These findings underscore the emergence of LNSEf in this region, highlighting the need for robust genomic surveillance, strict infection control, and judicious antimicrobial stewardship to curb further dissemination.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/684<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>linezolid resistance<i>optrA</i><i>cfr</i>multidrug-resistant bacteriagenomic surveillance |
| spellingShingle | Pedro Martínez-Ayala Leonardo Perales-Guerrero Adolfo Gómez-Quiroz Brenda Berenice Avila-Cardenas Karen Gómez-Portilla Edson Alberto Rea-Márquez Violeta Cassandra Vera-Cuevas Crisoforo Alejandro Gómez-Quiroz Jaime Briseno-Ramírez Judith Carolina De Arcos-Jiménez Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital Microorganisms <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> linezolid resistance <i>optrA</i> <i>cfr</i> multidrug-resistant bacteria genomic surveillance |
| title | Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital |
| title_full | Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital |
| title_fullStr | Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital |
| title_full_unstemmed | Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital |
| title_short | Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital |
| title_sort | whole genome sequencing of linezolid resistant and linezolid intermediate susceptibility i enterococcus faecalis i clinical isolates in a mexican tertiary care university hospital |
| topic | <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> linezolid resistance <i>optrA</i> <i>cfr</i> multidrug-resistant bacteria genomic surveillance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/684 |
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