Editors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?

Numerous hydrocarbon (HC)-based ionomers have been investigated as fluorine-free alternatives to the well-established perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA)-based ionomers for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. While PFSA-based MEAs can be prepared by hot-pressing, this is generally not possible for...

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Main Authors: Konstantin A. Weber, Carla S. Harzer, Elias Bindl, Kilian Stengl, Hubert A. Gasteiger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:ECS Advances
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2734/adf34c
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author Konstantin A. Weber
Carla S. Harzer
Elias Bindl
Kilian Stengl
Hubert A. Gasteiger
author_facet Konstantin A. Weber
Carla S. Harzer
Elias Bindl
Kilian Stengl
Hubert A. Gasteiger
author_sort Konstantin A. Weber
collection DOAJ
description Numerous hydrocarbon (HC)-based ionomers have been investigated as fluorine-free alternatives to the well-established perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA)-based ionomers for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. While PFSA-based MEAs can be prepared by hot-pressing, this is generally not possible for HC-based MEAs, due to their different physico-chemical properties. However, in this work, we introduce a wet hot-pressing method that yields high-performance HC-based MEAs, demonstrated by a systematic comparison of various MEA configurations with electrodes and/or the membrane based on either PFSA or HC ionomers. These MEAs exhibit oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities that are essentially identical for cathodes prepared with either HC or PFSA ionomers, contrary to the frequently observed inferior ORR activity for the former, ascribed to catalyst poisoning. Furthermore, the differential-flow H _2 /air performance at 80 °C, 170 kPa _abs , and 2.5 A cm ^−2 of optimized all-HC-based MEAs coincides within ∼15 mV with that of all-PFSA-based MEAs, both at 70 and 90% relative humidity ( RH ). At these conditions, the current density of the all-HC-based MEAs at 0.6 V is ∼2.4 A cm ^−2 (90% RH ) and ∼2.1 A cm ^−2 (70% RH ), at anode/cathode loadings of ∼0.1/0.4 mg _Pt  cm ^−2 .
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spelling doaj-art-e379b8dfd49c4a9c909fddea467627f42025-08-20T03:07:38ZengIOP PublishingECS Advances2754-27342025-01-014303450110.1149/2754-2734/adf34cEditors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?Konstantin A. Weber0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-9191Carla S. Harzer1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6486-5056Elias Bindl2Kilian Stengl3Hubert A. Gasteiger4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-8703Technical University of Munich , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Munich, GermanyTechnical University of Munich , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Munich, GermanyTechnical University of Munich , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Munich, GermanyTechnical University of Munich , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Munich, GermanyTechnical University of Munich , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Munich, GermanyNumerous hydrocarbon (HC)-based ionomers have been investigated as fluorine-free alternatives to the well-established perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA)-based ionomers for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. While PFSA-based MEAs can be prepared by hot-pressing, this is generally not possible for HC-based MEAs, due to their different physico-chemical properties. However, in this work, we introduce a wet hot-pressing method that yields high-performance HC-based MEAs, demonstrated by a systematic comparison of various MEA configurations with electrodes and/or the membrane based on either PFSA or HC ionomers. These MEAs exhibit oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities that are essentially identical for cathodes prepared with either HC or PFSA ionomers, contrary to the frequently observed inferior ORR activity for the former, ascribed to catalyst poisoning. Furthermore, the differential-flow H _2 /air performance at 80 °C, 170 kPa _abs , and 2.5 A cm ^−2 of optimized all-HC-based MEAs coincides within ∼15 mV with that of all-PFSA-based MEAs, both at 70 and 90% relative humidity ( RH ). At these conditions, the current density of the all-HC-based MEAs at 0.6 V is ∼2.4 A cm ^−2 (90% RH ) and ∼2.1 A cm ^−2 (70% RH ), at anode/cathode loadings of ∼0.1/0.4 mg _Pt  cm ^−2 .https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2734/adf34cfuel cellMEAionomerPEMhydrocarbonhot-pressing
spellingShingle Konstantin A. Weber
Carla S. Harzer
Elias Bindl
Kilian Stengl
Hubert A. Gasteiger
Editors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?
ECS Advances
fuel cell
MEA
ionomer
PEM
hydrocarbon
hot-pressing
title Editors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?
title_full Editors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?
title_fullStr Editors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?
title_full_unstemmed Editors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?
title_short Editors’ Choice—Can Hydrocarbon-Based MEAs Close the Performance Gap to State-of-the-Art Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells?
title_sort editors choice can hydrocarbon based meas close the performance gap to state of the art perfluorosulfonic acid based meas for pem fuel cells
topic fuel cell
MEA
ionomer
PEM
hydrocarbon
hot-pressing
url https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2734/adf34c
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AT eliasbindl editorschoicecanhydrocarbonbasedmeasclosetheperformancegaptostateoftheartperfluorosulfonicacidbasedmeasforpemfuelcells
AT kilianstengl editorschoicecanhydrocarbonbasedmeasclosetheperformancegaptostateoftheartperfluorosulfonicacidbasedmeasforpemfuelcells
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