THE ROLE OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF T-CELLS IN SHAPING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
AbstractRecent studies in immunology highlight the critical role of mechanical factors in shaping the immune response. Mechanoimmunology, as an emerging interdisciplinary field, investigates the influence of mechanical stimuli on immune cell behavior, particularly T-lymphocytes. It has been demonstr...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Медицинская иммунология |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3215 |
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| Summary: | AbstractRecent studies in immunology highlight the critical role of mechanical factors in shaping the immune response. Mechanoimmunology, as an emerging interdisciplinary field, investigates the influence of mechanical stimuli on immune cell behavior, particularly T-lymphocytes. It has been demonstrated that microenvironment stiffness, mechanical interactions with the extracellular matrix, and changes in membrane tension can modulate T-cell activation, migration, proliferation, and effector functions. An optimal mechanical environment enhances T-cell activity, whereas increased stiffness of the microenvironment and alterations in extracellular matrix properties can reduce their functional capacity. Key molecules such as Piezo 1, integrins, and Yes-associated protein serve as central regulators of mechanotransduction in immune cells. The gradual expansion of knowledge regarding their role in the immune response indicates a high degree of interconnected modulation, forming a system that enables a coordinated reaction to mechanical stimuli. Mechanomodulation alters the intracellular environment, acting as a determinant of the metabolic profile of T-cells. Additionally, studies indicate that mechanosensitive signaling pathways may regulate intercellular interactions and adaptive immune responses, offering broad opportunities for modifying immune reactions. Understanding mechanotransduction mechanisms provides new prospects for the development of therapeutic strategies. Mechanical signals can be leveraged to enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cells by optimizing their activation, proliferation, and infiltration into tumor tissue, which is particularly important in treating malignant neoplasms, especially solid tumors, where CAR-T cell therapy faces significant limitations. Mechanoimmunological approaches are also being explored in the context of autoimmune disease treatment. It is hypothesized that mechanosensitive pathways may regulate excessive T-cell activation, preventing autoimmune processes and pathological hyperactivation of the immune system. Moreover, the development of effective methods for preventing graft-versus-host disease and transplant rejection, as well as strategies for treating chronic infections, remains an important goal. The spectrum of potential pharmacological interventions includes the use of activators and inhibitors of Piezo 1, integrins, and Yes-associated protein. Bioengineering approaches are also being actively developed. One promising direction involves the use of nanomotors for ex vivo T-cell activation, which may improve the efficacy of cellular immunotherapy in various diseases. Furthermore, fine-tuning immune responses through mechanical properties could enable precise regulation of immune activity based on the specific characteristics of pathological processes. |
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| ISSN: | 1563-0625 2313-741X |