Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring

Epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy may increase the risk of congenital heart disease; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gestational PM2.5 exposure on offspring car...

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Main Authors: Li Tian, Qinglin Sun, Jianong Lv, Shiqian Liu, Kexin Zhang, Yang Li, Zhiwei Sun, Lili Cao, Junchao Duan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325007523
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author Li Tian
Qinglin Sun
Jianong Lv
Shiqian Liu
Kexin Zhang
Yang Li
Zhiwei Sun
Lili Cao
Junchao Duan
author_facet Li Tian
Qinglin Sun
Jianong Lv
Shiqian Liu
Kexin Zhang
Yang Li
Zhiwei Sun
Lili Cao
Junchao Duan
author_sort Li Tian
collection DOAJ
description Epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy may increase the risk of congenital heart disease; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gestational PM2.5 exposure on offspring cardiac development and to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. Gestational exposure to PM2.5 significantly reduced litter size, birth weight, and offspring cardiac mass. Further analyses revealed inflammatory infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and decreased ATP levels in the offspring hearts, indicating impaired energy metabolism. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that differentially expressed genes and proteins were primarily enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial function, cardiac development, and ATP metabolism. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated significant downregulation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, with key metabolites enriched in aspartate and glutamate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and ferroptosis. Integrative multi-omics analysis further revealed that gestational PM2.5 exposure disrupted multiple metabolic pathways in the offspring heart, including the TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and propanoate metabolism. Gene–metabolite co-expression network analysis identified several key mitochondrial regulators—Sirt3, Lonp1, Tfam, Mfn2, and Sirt5—as central mediators of metabolic reprogramming in response to PM2.5 exposure, through modulation of 12 metabolites. Moreover, findings from multiplex immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analyses were consistent with the multi-omics results. In conclusion, our study suggests that gestational exposure to PM2.5 induces energy metabolism dysfunction and abnormal cardiac development in offspring.
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spelling doaj-art-e36b74c827454b1498125848c8d0672d2025-08-20T02:02:51ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-07-0129911841610.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118416Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspringLi Tian0Qinglin Sun1Jianong Lv2Shiqian Liu3Kexin Zhang4Yang Li5Zhiwei Sun6Lili Cao7Junchao Duan8Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaInstitute of Zoology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Corresponding author.Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of environment and aging, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Corresponding author at: Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.Epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy may increase the risk of congenital heart disease; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gestational PM2.5 exposure on offspring cardiac development and to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. Gestational exposure to PM2.5 significantly reduced litter size, birth weight, and offspring cardiac mass. Further analyses revealed inflammatory infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and decreased ATP levels in the offspring hearts, indicating impaired energy metabolism. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that differentially expressed genes and proteins were primarily enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial function, cardiac development, and ATP metabolism. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated significant downregulation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, with key metabolites enriched in aspartate and glutamate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and ferroptosis. Integrative multi-omics analysis further revealed that gestational PM2.5 exposure disrupted multiple metabolic pathways in the offspring heart, including the TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and propanoate metabolism. Gene–metabolite co-expression network analysis identified several key mitochondrial regulators—Sirt3, Lonp1, Tfam, Mfn2, and Sirt5—as central mediators of metabolic reprogramming in response to PM2.5 exposure, through modulation of 12 metabolites. Moreover, findings from multiplex immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analyses were consistent with the multi-omics results. In conclusion, our study suggests that gestational exposure to PM2.5 induces energy metabolism dysfunction and abnormal cardiac development in offspring.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325007523Fine particulate matterGestational exposureCardiac developmental toxicityEnergy metabolismMulti-omics analysis
spellingShingle Li Tian
Qinglin Sun
Jianong Lv
Shiqian Liu
Kexin Zhang
Yang Li
Zhiwei Sun
Lili Cao
Junchao Duan
Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Fine particulate matter
Gestational exposure
Cardiac developmental toxicity
Energy metabolism
Multi-omics analysis
title Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring
title_full Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring
title_fullStr Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring
title_full_unstemmed Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring
title_short Multi-omics analysis of gestational PM2.5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring
title_sort multi omics analysis of gestational pm2 5 exposure induces abnormal cardiac metabolism and development in offspring
topic Fine particulate matter
Gestational exposure
Cardiac developmental toxicity
Energy metabolism
Multi-omics analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325007523
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