Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery
Abstract Background Antibiotic use has undesirable side-effects on the host, including perturbations of gut microbiota, immunity, and health. Mammalian studies have demonstrated that concomitant/post antibiotic use of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics could re-establish gut microbiota and prevent detriment...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Animal Microbiome |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00360-1 |
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| author | Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri Yanxian Li Åshild Krogdahl Torunn Forberg Trond M. Kortner |
| author_facet | Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri Yanxian Li Åshild Krogdahl Torunn Forberg Trond M. Kortner |
| author_sort | Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Antibiotic use has undesirable side-effects on the host, including perturbations of gut microbiota, immunity, and health. Mammalian studies have demonstrated that concomitant/post antibiotic use of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics could re-establish gut microbiota and prevent detrimental host effects. However, studies evaluating similar effects in fish are scanty. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic mixture on the post-smolt Atlantic salmon gut microbiota, growth performance, and health during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery. Fish in five tanks each were fed either a commercial control diet or a synbiotic diet containing Pediococcus acidilactici and fructo-oligosaccharides, for 6 weeks (S1). Then, fish in three tanks per treatment were fed with medicated diets, containing 3500 ppm florfenicol coated onto the control or synbiotic diets, for 2 weeks (S2) and refed with the respective nonmedicated diets for another 3 (S3) and 5 (S4) weeks of recovery period. The fish not subjected to medication were fed the control or synbiotic diets throughout the experimental period. Samples were collected at S1-S4 from both the nonmedicated and medicated fish. Results Florfenicol decreased the feed intake in control group. It reduced the growth rate in both control and synbiotic groups with lesser reduction in synbiotic group. Florfenicol did not significantly affect observed taxa and Shannon indexes. Bacterial composition before and after medication clustered distinctly in control and clustered together in synbiotic groups. Lactobacillus dominated in control while Lactobacillus and Pediococcus dominated in synbiotic group during medication and recovery. Florfenicol did not significantly influence the immune or stress response marker gene expressions, though the expression patterns differed between diet groups. Florfenicol did not cause inflammation in the distal intestine or change hepatosomatic index. Conclusions This study highlighted the negative impact of a two-week florfenicol treatment on feed intake and growth performance in Atlantic salmon, with moderate effects on gut microbiota and gene expression. Concomitant use of a synbiotic diet helped to maintain the gut microbial composition and influenced the performance positively and immune gene expressions differently during medication. This study indicates the importance of nutritional interventions through synbiotic supplementation as a possible strategy for managing Atlantic salmon during antibiotic treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e3698d3645bf46379fcaf31e9ae3aa39 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2524-4671 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Microbiome |
| spelling | doaj-art-e3698d3645bf46379fcaf31e9ae3aa392025-08-20T02:32:26ZengBMCAnimal Microbiome2524-46712024-12-016112210.1186/s42523-024-00360-1Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recoveryAnusha K. S. Dhanasiri0Yanxian Li1Åshild Krogdahl2Torunn Forberg3Trond M. Kortner4Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)BiomarDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Abstract Background Antibiotic use has undesirable side-effects on the host, including perturbations of gut microbiota, immunity, and health. Mammalian studies have demonstrated that concomitant/post antibiotic use of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics could re-establish gut microbiota and prevent detrimental host effects. However, studies evaluating similar effects in fish are scanty. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic mixture on the post-smolt Atlantic salmon gut microbiota, growth performance, and health during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery. Fish in five tanks each were fed either a commercial control diet or a synbiotic diet containing Pediococcus acidilactici and fructo-oligosaccharides, for 6 weeks (S1). Then, fish in three tanks per treatment were fed with medicated diets, containing 3500 ppm florfenicol coated onto the control or synbiotic diets, for 2 weeks (S2) and refed with the respective nonmedicated diets for another 3 (S3) and 5 (S4) weeks of recovery period. The fish not subjected to medication were fed the control or synbiotic diets throughout the experimental period. Samples were collected at S1-S4 from both the nonmedicated and medicated fish. Results Florfenicol decreased the feed intake in control group. It reduced the growth rate in both control and synbiotic groups with lesser reduction in synbiotic group. Florfenicol did not significantly affect observed taxa and Shannon indexes. Bacterial composition before and after medication clustered distinctly in control and clustered together in synbiotic groups. Lactobacillus dominated in control while Lactobacillus and Pediococcus dominated in synbiotic group during medication and recovery. Florfenicol did not significantly influence the immune or stress response marker gene expressions, though the expression patterns differed between diet groups. Florfenicol did not cause inflammation in the distal intestine or change hepatosomatic index. Conclusions This study highlighted the negative impact of a two-week florfenicol treatment on feed intake and growth performance in Atlantic salmon, with moderate effects on gut microbiota and gene expression. Concomitant use of a synbiotic diet helped to maintain the gut microbial composition and influenced the performance positively and immune gene expressions differently during medication. This study indicates the importance of nutritional interventions through synbiotic supplementation as a possible strategy for managing Atlantic salmon during antibiotic treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00360-1AntibioticsFlorfenicolSynbioticsGut microbiotaAtlantic salmonPediococcus acidilactici |
| spellingShingle | Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri Yanxian Li Åshild Krogdahl Torunn Forberg Trond M. Kortner Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery Animal Microbiome Antibiotics Florfenicol Synbiotics Gut microbiota Atlantic salmon Pediococcus acidilactici |
| title | Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery |
| title_full | Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery |
| title_short | Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery |
| title_sort | longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to atlantic salmon diets on performance gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery |
| topic | Antibiotics Florfenicol Synbiotics Gut microbiota Atlantic salmon Pediococcus acidilactici |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00360-1 |
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