Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous units characterized by multiple immunologic, metabolic, hormonal, genetic, psycho-emotional dysfunctions, and skin microbiota dysbiosis. The latter is manifested by a decreased population (phylotypes, i.e., genetically disti...

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Main Authors: Agata Lesiak, Paulina Paprocka, Urszula Wnorowska, Angelika Mańkowska, Grzegorz Król, Katarzyna Głuszek, Ewelina Piktel, Jakub Spałek, Sławomir Okła, Krzysztof Fiedoruk, Bonita Durnaś, Robert Bucki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1502242/full
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author Agata Lesiak
Paulina Paprocka
Urszula Wnorowska
Angelika Mańkowska
Grzegorz Król
Katarzyna Głuszek
Ewelina Piktel
Jakub Spałek
Jakub Spałek
Sławomir Okła
Sławomir Okła
Krzysztof Fiedoruk
Bonita Durnaś
Bonita Durnaś
Robert Bucki
author_facet Agata Lesiak
Paulina Paprocka
Urszula Wnorowska
Angelika Mańkowska
Grzegorz Król
Katarzyna Głuszek
Ewelina Piktel
Jakub Spałek
Jakub Spałek
Sławomir Okła
Sławomir Okła
Krzysztof Fiedoruk
Bonita Durnaś
Bonita Durnaś
Robert Bucki
author_sort Agata Lesiak
collection DOAJ
description Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous units characterized by multiple immunologic, metabolic, hormonal, genetic, psycho-emotional dysfunctions, and skin microbiota dysbiosis. The latter is manifested by a decreased population (phylotypes, i.e., genetically distinct bacterial subgroups that play different roles in skin health and disease) diversity of the predominant skin bacterial commensal - Cutinbacterium acnes. Like in other dysbiotic disorders, an elevated expression of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a hallmark of AV. AMPs, such as human β-defensins, cathelicidin LL-37, dermcidin, or RNase-7, due to their antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, function as the first line of defense and coordinate the host-microbiota interactions. Therefore, AMPs are potential candidates for pharmaceutical prophylaxis or treating this condition. This study outlines the current knowledge regarding the importance of AMPs in AV pathomechanism in light of recent transcriptomic studies. In particular, their role in improving the tight junctions (TJs) skin barrier by activating the fundamental cellular proteins, such as PI3K, GSK-3, aPKC, and Rac1, is discussed. We hypothesized that the increased expression of AMPs and their patterns in AV act as a compensatory mechanism to protect the skin with an impaired permeability barrier. Therefore, AMPs could be key determinants in regulating AV development and progression, linking acne-associated immune responses and metabolic factors, like insulin/IGF-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/FoxO1 signaling pathways or glucotoxicity. Research and development of anti-acne AMPs are also addressed.
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spelling doaj-art-e369003ec7e14db7808cbf8fb5602c5a2025-08-20T01:58:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-12-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.15022421502242Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgarisAgata Lesiak0Paulina Paprocka1Urszula Wnorowska2Angelika Mańkowska3Grzegorz Król4Katarzyna Głuszek5Ewelina Piktel6Jakub Spałek7Jakub Spałek8Sławomir Okła9Sławomir Okła10Krzysztof Fiedoruk11Bonita Durnaś12Bonita Durnaś13Robert Bucki14Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandInstitute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, PolandInstitute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandInstitute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandInstitute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandIndependent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, PolandInstitute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Holy-Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Head and Neck Surgery, Kielce, PolandInstitute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Holy-Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Head and Neck Surgery, Kielce, PolandDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, PolandInstitute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, PolandDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Holy-Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Kielce, PolandDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, PolandAcne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous units characterized by multiple immunologic, metabolic, hormonal, genetic, psycho-emotional dysfunctions, and skin microbiota dysbiosis. The latter is manifested by a decreased population (phylotypes, i.e., genetically distinct bacterial subgroups that play different roles in skin health and disease) diversity of the predominant skin bacterial commensal - Cutinbacterium acnes. Like in other dysbiotic disorders, an elevated expression of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a hallmark of AV. AMPs, such as human β-defensins, cathelicidin LL-37, dermcidin, or RNase-7, due to their antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, function as the first line of defense and coordinate the host-microbiota interactions. Therefore, AMPs are potential candidates for pharmaceutical prophylaxis or treating this condition. This study outlines the current knowledge regarding the importance of AMPs in AV pathomechanism in light of recent transcriptomic studies. In particular, their role in improving the tight junctions (TJs) skin barrier by activating the fundamental cellular proteins, such as PI3K, GSK-3, aPKC, and Rac1, is discussed. We hypothesized that the increased expression of AMPs and their patterns in AV act as a compensatory mechanism to protect the skin with an impaired permeability barrier. Therefore, AMPs could be key determinants in regulating AV development and progression, linking acne-associated immune responses and metabolic factors, like insulin/IGF-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/FoxO1 signaling pathways or glucotoxicity. Research and development of anti-acne AMPs are also addressed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1502242/fullCutibacterium acnesacne vulgarisantimicrobial peptidesskin dysbiosisinflammation
spellingShingle Agata Lesiak
Paulina Paprocka
Urszula Wnorowska
Angelika Mańkowska
Grzegorz Król
Katarzyna Głuszek
Ewelina Piktel
Jakub Spałek
Jakub Spałek
Sławomir Okła
Sławomir Okła
Krzysztof Fiedoruk
Bonita Durnaś
Bonita Durnaś
Robert Bucki
Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris
Frontiers in Immunology
Cutibacterium acnes
acne vulgaris
antimicrobial peptides
skin dysbiosis
inflammation
title Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris
title_full Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris
title_fullStr Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris
title_full_unstemmed Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris
title_short Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris
title_sort significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris
topic Cutibacterium acnes
acne vulgaris
antimicrobial peptides
skin dysbiosis
inflammation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1502242/full
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