Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance
GRAS genes are indispensable for modulating plant growth, developmental patterning, and adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In this study, 99 LuGRAS genes were identified in the flax genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into 10 subfamilies: HAM, DELLA, DLT, SCL3, LAS...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | GM Crops & Food |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645698.2025.2548639 |
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| author | Yihang Bao Chulin Pan |
| author_facet | Yihang Bao Chulin Pan |
| author_sort | Yihang Bao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | GRAS genes are indispensable for modulating plant growth, developmental patterning, and adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In this study, 99 LuGRAS genes were identified in the flax genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into 10 subfamilies: HAM, DELLA, DLT, SCL3, LAS, SCL4/7, SCR, SCL, SHR, and PAT1. Gene structure and motif analyses revealed that LuGRAS genes within the same clade exhibited conserved exon-intron organization and motif architectures. Promoter analysis showed that most LuGRAS genes contained cis-regulatory elements responsive to plant hormones (MeJA and abscisic acid) and abiotic stresses, including anaerobic induction, low temperature, and drought inducibility. MiRNA target prediction indicated that lus-miR395 is the primary regulatory miRNA for the LuGRAS gene family. Expression pattern analysis demonstrated that all LuGRAS family members were highly expressed in leaves and roots. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that 10 genes were significantly upregulated under abiotic stresses (cold, drought, and salt), suggesting their involvement in antioxidant defense mechanisms. In Arabidopsis, LuGRAS30 enhanced drought tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that LuGRAS30 was localized in the nucleus. This study provides new insights into the role of LuGRAS genes in flax stress tolerance and contributes to flax breeding and further functional research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e36783b89ef34bc7ac1a83b7a30bfad5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2164-5698 2164-5701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
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| series | GM Crops & Food |
| spelling | doaj-art-e36783b89ef34bc7ac1a83b7a30bfad52025-08-25T12:09:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGM Crops & Food2164-56982164-57012025-12-0116153956110.1080/21645698.2025.2548639Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistanceYihang Bao0Chulin Pan1Department of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaGRAS genes are indispensable for modulating plant growth, developmental patterning, and adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In this study, 99 LuGRAS genes were identified in the flax genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into 10 subfamilies: HAM, DELLA, DLT, SCL3, LAS, SCL4/7, SCR, SCL, SHR, and PAT1. Gene structure and motif analyses revealed that LuGRAS genes within the same clade exhibited conserved exon-intron organization and motif architectures. Promoter analysis showed that most LuGRAS genes contained cis-regulatory elements responsive to plant hormones (MeJA and abscisic acid) and abiotic stresses, including anaerobic induction, low temperature, and drought inducibility. MiRNA target prediction indicated that lus-miR395 is the primary regulatory miRNA for the LuGRAS gene family. Expression pattern analysis demonstrated that all LuGRAS family members were highly expressed in leaves and roots. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that 10 genes were significantly upregulated under abiotic stresses (cold, drought, and salt), suggesting their involvement in antioxidant defense mechanisms. In Arabidopsis, LuGRAS30 enhanced drought tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that LuGRAS30 was localized in the nucleus. This study provides new insights into the role of LuGRAS genes in flax stress tolerance and contributes to flax breeding and further functional research.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645698.2025.2548639Drought stressGRAS genesphylogeny analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yihang Bao Chulin Pan Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance GM Crops & Food Drought stress GRAS genes phylogeny analysis |
| title | Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance |
| title_full | Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance |
| title_fullStr | Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance |
| title_short | Genome-wide profiling of GRAS genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) reveals LuGRAS30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance |
| title_sort | genome wide profiling of gras genes in flax linum usitatissimum l reveals lugras30 as a key regulator of drought stress resistance |
| topic | Drought stress GRAS genes phylogeny analysis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645698.2025.2548639 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yihangbao genomewideprofilingofgrasgenesinflaxlinumusitatissimumlrevealslugras30asakeyregulatorofdroughtstressresistance AT chulinpan genomewideprofilingofgrasgenesinflaxlinumusitatissimumlrevealslugras30asakeyregulatorofdroughtstressresistance |