Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature Sensing
Johnson noise thermometers (JNTs) are a promising primary thermometer technology for harsh environments, including nuclear plants, industrial agriculture, and space. However, they are impractical to deploy at large scale in resource-constrained environments since they require a constant power supply...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018425/ |
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| author | Jasmin Falconer Geneva Ecola Zerina Kapetanovic |
| author_facet | Jasmin Falconer Geneva Ecola Zerina Kapetanovic |
| author_sort | Jasmin Falconer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Johnson noise thermometers (JNTs) are a promising primary thermometer technology for harsh environments, including nuclear plants, industrial agriculture, and space. However, they are impractical to deploy at large scale in resource-constrained environments since they require a constant power supply. This paper presents the first analysis and demonstration of a <italic>wireless</italic> Johnson noise thermometer (WJNT). It addresses the deployment concerns of JNTs by separating the sensor, a passive antenna, and conductor from the active reader circuitry used to measure temperature. This makes the sensor easily scalable, completely passive, and detectable by a disconnected mobile reader system. In addition, the sensor's conductor can be distanced from its antenna to allow for the sensing of temperatures not accessible to the reader. This paper theoretically derives the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of a WJNT. A proof-of-concept system was designed and evaluated in lab and outdoors to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness for use in different applications. The sensitivity, at room temperature, of the prototyped WJNT was measured to be 0.43 to 1 K for integration times ranging from 100 to 10 s using a 20 MHz bandwidth at 965 MHz. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e35d4c4f3c75442b8a84caeb6708a078 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2692-8388 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| spelling | doaj-art-e35d4c4f3c75442b8a84caeb6708a0782025-08-20T02:36:02ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Microwaves2692-83882025-01-015482984010.1109/JMW.2025.356963811018425Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature SensingJasmin Falconer0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8499-9460Geneva Ecola1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6490-6778Zerina Kapetanovic2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6240-5511Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USAJohnson noise thermometers (JNTs) are a promising primary thermometer technology for harsh environments, including nuclear plants, industrial agriculture, and space. However, they are impractical to deploy at large scale in resource-constrained environments since they require a constant power supply. This paper presents the first analysis and demonstration of a <italic>wireless</italic> Johnson noise thermometer (WJNT). It addresses the deployment concerns of JNTs by separating the sensor, a passive antenna, and conductor from the active reader circuitry used to measure temperature. This makes the sensor easily scalable, completely passive, and detectable by a disconnected mobile reader system. In addition, the sensor's conductor can be distanced from its antenna to allow for the sensing of temperatures not accessible to the reader. This paper theoretically derives the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of a WJNT. A proof-of-concept system was designed and evaluated in lab and outdoors to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness for use in different applications. The sensitivity, at room temperature, of the prototyped WJNT was measured to be 0.43 to 1 K for integration times ranging from 100 to 10 s using a 20 MHz bandwidth at 965 MHz.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018425/Microwave sensorsradiometrysensor systems and applicationsthermal noisethermal sensors |
| spellingShingle | Jasmin Falconer Geneva Ecola Zerina Kapetanovic Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature Sensing IEEE Journal of Microwaves Microwave sensors radiometry sensor systems and applications thermal noise thermal sensors |
| title | Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature Sensing |
| title_full | Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature Sensing |
| title_fullStr | Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature Sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature Sensing |
| title_short | Wireless Johnson Noise Thermometry for Passive Temperature Sensing |
| title_sort | wireless johnson noise thermometry for passive temperature sensing |
| topic | Microwave sensors radiometry sensor systems and applications thermal noise thermal sensors |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018425/ |
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