Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting Group

Lysosomes are widely present in eukaryotic cells and play an extremely important role in cell growth and development, and their dysfunction is closely related to a variety of diseases. The development of a precise lysosomal targeting strategies is of great significance for the detection of lysosomal...

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Main Authors: Xuelian Liu, Ximeng Zhang, Yinghong Han, Xingrui Li, Jinyao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/82
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author Xuelian Liu
Ximeng Zhang
Yinghong Han
Xingrui Li
Jinyao Li
author_facet Xuelian Liu
Ximeng Zhang
Yinghong Han
Xingrui Li
Jinyao Li
author_sort Xuelian Liu
collection DOAJ
description Lysosomes are widely present in eukaryotic cells and play an extremely important role in cell growth and development, and their dysfunction is closely related to a variety of diseases. The development of a precise lysosomal targeting strategies is of great significance for the detection of lysosomal physiological functions and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Morpholino ring modification has become a commonly used lysosomal targeting strategy, but its effects have not been systematically evaluated. This review summarizes the effects of morpholine rings in fluorescent probes in recent years. The results show that morpholine rings as lysosomal targeting groups have excellent structural adaptability, but their localization effect is influenced by the log <i>p</i> value and charge of the overall molecule, and this effect has structural differences. In addition, since the morpholino ring is essentially an acidic microenvironmental targeting moiety, it carries the risk of off-targeting to other acidic sites.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-e35cfcfabf6d43189ba7cf3c3a21f7c92025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGChemistry2624-85492025-05-01738210.3390/chemistry7030082Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting GroupXuelian Liu0Ximeng Zhang1Yinghong Han2Xingrui Li3Jinyao Li4Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaXinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaXinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaXinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaXinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaLysosomes are widely present in eukaryotic cells and play an extremely important role in cell growth and development, and their dysfunction is closely related to a variety of diseases. The development of a precise lysosomal targeting strategies is of great significance for the detection of lysosomal physiological functions and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Morpholino ring modification has become a commonly used lysosomal targeting strategy, but its effects have not been systematically evaluated. This review summarizes the effects of morpholine rings in fluorescent probes in recent years. The results show that morpholine rings as lysosomal targeting groups have excellent structural adaptability, but their localization effect is influenced by the log <i>p</i> value and charge of the overall molecule, and this effect has structural differences. In addition, since the morpholino ring is essentially an acidic microenvironmental targeting moiety, it carries the risk of off-targeting to other acidic sites.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/82morpholine ringlysosome targetingfluorescence localization
spellingShingle Xuelian Liu
Ximeng Zhang
Yinghong Han
Xingrui Li
Jinyao Li
Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting Group
Chemistry
morpholine ring
lysosome targeting
fluorescence localization
title Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting Group
title_full Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting Group
title_fullStr Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting Group
title_full_unstemmed Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting Group
title_short Application and Suggestions of Morpholine Ring as a Lysosome Targeting Group
title_sort application and suggestions of morpholine ring as a lysosome targeting group
topic morpholine ring
lysosome targeting
fluorescence localization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/82
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AT yinghonghan applicationandsuggestionsofmorpholineringasalysosometargetinggroup
AT xingruili applicationandsuggestionsofmorpholineringasalysosometargetinggroup
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