A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare Networks
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is transforming healthcare by enabling continuous remote patient monitoring, diagnostics, and personalized therapies. However, the widespread deployment of these devices introduces significant security vulnerabilities due to limited resources and inadequate netw...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1524286/full |
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| author | Jamshed Ali Shaikh Chengliang Wang Muhammad Wajeeh Us Sima Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Owais Dina S. M. Hassan Reem Alkanhel Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna |
| author_facet | Jamshed Ali Shaikh Chengliang Wang Muhammad Wajeeh Us Sima Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Owais Dina S. M. Hassan Reem Alkanhel Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna |
| author_sort | Jamshed Ali Shaikh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is transforming healthcare by enabling continuous remote patient monitoring, diagnostics, and personalized therapies. However, the widespread deployment of these devices introduces significant security vulnerabilities due to limited resources and inadequate network protocols. Intrusions within IoMT networks can compromise patient privacy, disrupt critical medical services, and jeopardize patient safety. To address these challenges, we propose HCLR-IDS, an advanced Intrusion Detection System (IDS) specifically designed for IoMT networks. The system integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques, namely Deep Q-Network (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), to enhance the detection of evolving threats. The methodology begins with Enhanced Mutual Information Feature Selection (MIFS) to preprocess the CICIoMT2024 dataset, selecting the most relevant features while reducing noise and computational complexity. These selected features are then passed through a hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture. The CNN captures spatial patterns in network traffic, while the LSTM identifies temporal patterns. This dual feature extraction approach enables the system to effectively detect both static and dynamic characteristics of IoMT data. After feature extraction, the model incorporates DQN and PPO for decision-making. DQN optimizes actions based on Q-values, enhancing detection rewards, while PPO ensures stability in dynamic environments through a clipping mechanism. This combination of adaptive Q-learning and stable policy optimization significantly improves system robustness, ensuring effective real-time intrusion detection. The model demonstrates exceptional performance with binary classification accuracy of 0.9958, outperforming traditional IDS models. Additionally, it performs effectively in multi-class classification across 18 classes, achieving an accuracy of 0.7773. These results highlight that HCLR-IDS offers a reliable and efficient solution for securing IoMT healthcare systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e34c9c6eed2b451baf952a120a4346f5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-e34c9c6eed2b451baf952a120a4346f52025-08-20T03:13:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-04-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15242861524286A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare NetworksJamshed Ali Shaikh0Chengliang Wang1Muhammad Wajeeh Us Sima2Muhammad Arshad3Muhammad Owais4Dina S. M. Hassan5Reem Alkanhel6Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna7Department of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of International Business Management, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanThe Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is transforming healthcare by enabling continuous remote patient monitoring, diagnostics, and personalized therapies. However, the widespread deployment of these devices introduces significant security vulnerabilities due to limited resources and inadequate network protocols. Intrusions within IoMT networks can compromise patient privacy, disrupt critical medical services, and jeopardize patient safety. To address these challenges, we propose HCLR-IDS, an advanced Intrusion Detection System (IDS) specifically designed for IoMT networks. The system integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques, namely Deep Q-Network (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), to enhance the detection of evolving threats. The methodology begins with Enhanced Mutual Information Feature Selection (MIFS) to preprocess the CICIoMT2024 dataset, selecting the most relevant features while reducing noise and computational complexity. These selected features are then passed through a hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture. The CNN captures spatial patterns in network traffic, while the LSTM identifies temporal patterns. This dual feature extraction approach enables the system to effectively detect both static and dynamic characteristics of IoMT data. After feature extraction, the model incorporates DQN and PPO for decision-making. DQN optimizes actions based on Q-values, enhancing detection rewards, while PPO ensures stability in dynamic environments through a clipping mechanism. This combination of adaptive Q-learning and stable policy optimization significantly improves system robustness, ensuring effective real-time intrusion detection. The model demonstrates exceptional performance with binary classification accuracy of 0.9958, outperforming traditional IDS models. Additionally, it performs effectively in multi-class classification across 18 classes, achieving an accuracy of 0.7773. These results highlight that HCLR-IDS offers a reliable and efficient solution for securing IoMT healthcare systems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1524286/fullInternet of Medical ThingsIntrusion Detection SystemCNNLSTMreinforcement learning |
| spellingShingle | Jamshed Ali Shaikh Chengliang Wang Muhammad Wajeeh Us Sima Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Owais Dina S. M. Hassan Reem Alkanhel Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare Networks Frontiers in Medicine Internet of Medical Things Intrusion Detection System CNN LSTM reinforcement learning |
| title | A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare Networks |
| title_full | A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare Networks |
| title_fullStr | A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare Networks |
| title_short | A deep Reinforcement learning-based robust Intrusion Detection System for securing IoMT Healthcare Networks |
| title_sort | deep reinforcement learning based robust intrusion detection system for securing iomt healthcare networks |
| topic | Internet of Medical Things Intrusion Detection System CNN LSTM reinforcement learning |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1524286/full |
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