Blueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies

Abstract Precision treatments for monogenic epilepsies, i.e. treatments that can at least partially reverse the biochemical consequences of a pathogenic gene variant, have been gradually emerging over the years. To date, however, information on the efficacy of these treatments is mostly based on cas...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Victoria M. Defelippe, Eva H. Brilstra, Willem M. Otte, Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel, Helen J. Cross, Finbar O’Callaghan, Valentina De Giorgis, Emilio Perucca, Kees P. J. Braun, Floor E. Jansen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-025-03750-z
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850111645921050624
author Victoria M. Defelippe
Eva H. Brilstra
Willem M. Otte
Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel
Helen J. Cross
Finbar O’Callaghan
Valentina De Giorgis
Emilio Perucca
Kees P. J. Braun
Floor E. Jansen
author_facet Victoria M. Defelippe
Eva H. Brilstra
Willem M. Otte
Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel
Helen J. Cross
Finbar O’Callaghan
Valentina De Giorgis
Emilio Perucca
Kees P. J. Braun
Floor E. Jansen
author_sort Victoria M. Defelippe
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Precision treatments for monogenic epilepsies, i.e. treatments that can at least partially reverse the biochemical consequences of a pathogenic gene variant, have been gradually emerging over the years. To date, however, information on the efficacy of these treatments is mostly based on case-reports and retrospective studies. As a result, utilisation of precision treatments often lack consistency and a pre-defined outcome monitoring plan. N-of-1 strategies in clinical care are pre-defined, individually tailored, repeated challenge-withdrawal therapeutic trials designed to assess the value of a treatment of interest for an individual. Despite their potential to improve clinical decision-making, N-of-1 strategies have been hampered by limited guidance on their implementation and lack of consensus on oversight procedures. To improve treatment selection for rare monogenic epilepsies, the PINPOINT initiative (Precision Treatments In MoNogenic EPilepsies: Observational Registry And N-of-1 Trial Recommendations) was set up as a collaborative effort within the European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies. PINPOINT aims to develop recommendations for the design of N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments for monogenic epilepsies. Using available N-of-1 trial manuals, different components of N-of-1 design were tailored to the context of epilepsy and oversight procedures were outlined. These efforts resulted in this guidance document—or blueprint for N-of-1 strategies for monogenic epilepsies in clinical care. This blueprint defines the characteristics of treatments and patients that would be suitable for N-of-1 strategies. Key principles for outcome measure selection, period duration and statistical analysis are defined. Consideration is given to interim assessment rules, which establish whether proceeding onto an additional treatment cycle is likely to provide significant advantages. Procedures for ethical oversight are proposed. This blueprint for N-of-1 strategies can be used as a basis for master protocols to optimise individualised clinical care in a standardised and consistent manner. We are confident that this document will provide physicians with the building blocks needed to elevate precision treatments for rare monogenic epilepsies out of their current landscape of inadequate evidence.
format Article
id doaj-art-e34bac70b2ce44828e967d6dc95fdcb6
institution OA Journals
issn 1750-1172
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
spelling doaj-art-e34bac70b2ce44828e967d6dc95fdcb62025-08-20T02:37:35ZengBMCOrphanet Journal of Rare Diseases1750-11722025-06-0120111710.1186/s13023-025-03750-zBlueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsiesVictoria M. Defelippe0Eva H. Brilstra1Willem M. Otte2Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel3Helen J. Cross4Finbar O’Callaghan5Valentina De Giorgis6Emilio Perucca7Kees P. J. Braun8Floor E. Jansen9Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center UtrechtDepartment of Genetics, Brain Center University Medical Center UtrechtDepartment of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center UtrechtDepartment of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center UtrechtDevelopmental Neurosciences, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street NIHR BRC, Institute of Child HealthDevelopmental Neurosciences, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street NIHR BRC, Institute of Child HealthFondazione Mondino National Institute of Neurology/University of PaviaDepartment of Medicine, University of Melbourne (Austin Health)Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center UtrechtDepartment of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center UtrechtAbstract Precision treatments for monogenic epilepsies, i.e. treatments that can at least partially reverse the biochemical consequences of a pathogenic gene variant, have been gradually emerging over the years. To date, however, information on the efficacy of these treatments is mostly based on case-reports and retrospective studies. As a result, utilisation of precision treatments often lack consistency and a pre-defined outcome monitoring plan. N-of-1 strategies in clinical care are pre-defined, individually tailored, repeated challenge-withdrawal therapeutic trials designed to assess the value of a treatment of interest for an individual. Despite their potential to improve clinical decision-making, N-of-1 strategies have been hampered by limited guidance on their implementation and lack of consensus on oversight procedures. To improve treatment selection for rare monogenic epilepsies, the PINPOINT initiative (Precision Treatments In MoNogenic EPilepsies: Observational Registry And N-of-1 Trial Recommendations) was set up as a collaborative effort within the European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies. PINPOINT aims to develop recommendations for the design of N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments for monogenic epilepsies. Using available N-of-1 trial manuals, different components of N-of-1 design were tailored to the context of epilepsy and oversight procedures were outlined. These efforts resulted in this guidance document—or blueprint for N-of-1 strategies for monogenic epilepsies in clinical care. This blueprint defines the characteristics of treatments and patients that would be suitable for N-of-1 strategies. Key principles for outcome measure selection, period duration and statistical analysis are defined. Consideration is given to interim assessment rules, which establish whether proceeding onto an additional treatment cycle is likely to provide significant advantages. Procedures for ethical oversight are proposed. This blueprint for N-of-1 strategies can be used as a basis for master protocols to optimise individualised clinical care in a standardised and consistent manner. We are confident that this document will provide physicians with the building blocks needed to elevate precision treatments for rare monogenic epilepsies out of their current landscape of inadequate evidence.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-025-03750-zN-of-1 trialSingle case-studiesPrecision medicineQuality improvement of careEpilepsy
spellingShingle Victoria M. Defelippe
Eva H. Brilstra
Willem M. Otte
Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel
Helen J. Cross
Finbar O’Callaghan
Valentina De Giorgis
Emilio Perucca
Kees P. J. Braun
Floor E. Jansen
Blueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
N-of-1 trial
Single case-studies
Precision medicine
Quality improvement of care
Epilepsy
title Blueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies
title_full Blueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies
title_fullStr Blueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies
title_full_unstemmed Blueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies
title_short Blueprint for clinical N-of-1 strategies with off-label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies
title_sort blueprint for clinical n of 1 strategies with off label precision treatments in monogenic epilepsies
topic N-of-1 trial
Single case-studies
Precision medicine
Quality improvement of care
Epilepsy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-025-03750-z
work_keys_str_mv AT victoriamdefelippe blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT evahbrilstra blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT willemmotte blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT ghislainejmwvanthiel blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT helenjcross blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT finbarocallaghan blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT valentinadegiorgis blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT emilioperucca blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT keespjbraun blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies
AT floorejansen blueprintforclinicalnof1strategieswithofflabelprecisiontreatmentsinmonogenicepilepsies