Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW China

In recent years, drilling data from wells Pengshen 10, Heshen 9, Tongshen 17 and Zhengyang 1 in the Sichuan Basin have confirmed the presence of a set of porous reef-beach limestone reservoirs in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation, which breaks the traditional view that deep carbonate oil and gas...

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Main Authors: Long WEN, Bing LUO, Benjian ZHANG, Xiao CHEN, Wenzheng LI, Yifeng LIU, Anping HU, Xihua ZHANG, Anjiang SHEN
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-04-01
Series:Petroleum Exploration and Development
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380425605702
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author Long WEN
Bing LUO
Benjian ZHANG
Xiao CHEN
Wenzheng LI
Yifeng LIU
Anping HU
Xihua ZHANG
Anjiang SHEN
author_facet Long WEN
Bing LUO
Benjian ZHANG
Xiao CHEN
Wenzheng LI
Yifeng LIU
Anping HU
Xihua ZHANG
Anjiang SHEN
author_sort Long WEN
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, drilling data from wells Pengshen 10, Heshen 9, Tongshen 17 and Zhengyang 1 in the Sichuan Basin have confirmed the presence of a set of porous reef-beach limestone reservoirs in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation, which breaks the traditional view that deep carbonate oil and gas are only distributed in porous dolomite reservoirs and karst fracture-cavity limestone reservoirs. Through core and thin section observations, geochemical analysis, and well-seismic based reservoir identification and tracking, the study on formation mechanism of pores in deep reef-beach limestone reservoirs is carried out, this study provides insights in four aspects. (1) Porous reef-beach limestone reservoirs are developed in the Changxing Formation in deep-buried layers. The reservoir space is composed of intergranular pores, framework pores, intrafossil pores, moldic pores and dissolution pores, which are formed in depositional and epigenetic environments. (2) The intermittently distributed porous reef-beach complexes are surrounded by relatively dense micrite limestone, which leads to the formation of local abnormal high-pressure inside the reef-beach complexes with the temperature increased. (3) The floor of the Changxing Formation reservoir is composed with interbedded tight mudstone and limestone of the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation, and the roof is the tight micrite limestone interbedded with mudstone of the first member of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation. Under the clamping of dense roof and floor, the abnormal high-pressure in the Changxing Formation is formed. Abnormal high-pressure (overpressured compartment) is the key to maintain the pores formed in the depositional and epigenetic environments in deep-buried layers. (4) Based on the identification of roof, floor and reef-beach complexes, the favorable reef-beach limestone reservoir distribution area of 10.3×104 km2 is predicted by well-seismic integration. These insights lay the theoretical foundation for the development of deep porous limestone reservoirs, expand the new field of exploration of deep-buried limestone reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.
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spelling doaj-art-e34a8496841a455fa64301f347906b102025-08-20T02:29:45ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Petroleum Exploration and Development1876-38042025-04-0152233034510.1016/S1876-3804(25)60570-2Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW ChinaLong WEN0Bing LUO1Benjian ZHANG2Xiao CHEN3Wenzheng LI4Yifeng LIU5Anping HU6Xihua ZHANG7Anjiang SHEN8PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, ChinaPetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, ChinaPetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, ChinaPetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, ChinaState Energy Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas in Carbonate Strata, Hangzhou 310023, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, CNPC, Hangzhou 310023, China; PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaZhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaState Energy Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas in Carbonate Strata, Hangzhou 310023, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, CNPC, Hangzhou 310023, China; PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology, Hangzhou 310023, China; Corresponding authorPetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, ChinaState Energy Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas in Carbonate Strata, Hangzhou 310023, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, CNPC, Hangzhou 310023, China; PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaIn recent years, drilling data from wells Pengshen 10, Heshen 9, Tongshen 17 and Zhengyang 1 in the Sichuan Basin have confirmed the presence of a set of porous reef-beach limestone reservoirs in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation, which breaks the traditional view that deep carbonate oil and gas are only distributed in porous dolomite reservoirs and karst fracture-cavity limestone reservoirs. Through core and thin section observations, geochemical analysis, and well-seismic based reservoir identification and tracking, the study on formation mechanism of pores in deep reef-beach limestone reservoirs is carried out, this study provides insights in four aspects. (1) Porous reef-beach limestone reservoirs are developed in the Changxing Formation in deep-buried layers. The reservoir space is composed of intergranular pores, framework pores, intrafossil pores, moldic pores and dissolution pores, which are formed in depositional and epigenetic environments. (2) The intermittently distributed porous reef-beach complexes are surrounded by relatively dense micrite limestone, which leads to the formation of local abnormal high-pressure inside the reef-beach complexes with the temperature increased. (3) The floor of the Changxing Formation reservoir is composed with interbedded tight mudstone and limestone of the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation, and the roof is the tight micrite limestone interbedded with mudstone of the first member of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation. Under the clamping of dense roof and floor, the abnormal high-pressure in the Changxing Formation is formed. Abnormal high-pressure (overpressured compartment) is the key to maintain the pores formed in the depositional and epigenetic environments in deep-buried layers. (4) Based on the identification of roof, floor and reef-beach complexes, the favorable reef-beach limestone reservoir distribution area of 10.3×104 km2 is predicted by well-seismic integration. These insights lay the theoretical foundation for the development of deep porous limestone reservoirs, expand the new field of exploration of deep-buried limestone reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380425605702deep layerporous reef-beach limestone reservoirformation and preservation of poresabnormal high-pressureChangxing FormationSichuan Basin
spellingShingle Long WEN
Bing LUO
Benjian ZHANG
Xiao CHEN
Wenzheng LI
Yifeng LIU
Anping HU
Xihua ZHANG
Anjiang SHEN
Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW China
Petroleum Exploration and Development
deep layer
porous reef-beach limestone reservoir
formation and preservation of pores
abnormal high-pressure
Changxing Formation
Sichuan Basin
title Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW China
title_full Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW China
title_fullStr Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW China
title_full_unstemmed Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW China
title_short Formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation, central Sichuan Basin, SW China
title_sort formation and preservation of pores in deep limestone reservoirs a case study of upper permian changxing formation central sichuan basin sw china
topic deep layer
porous reef-beach limestone reservoir
formation and preservation of pores
abnormal high-pressure
Changxing Formation
Sichuan Basin
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380425605702
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