Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata
Dihydroporphyrin iron (DH-Fe) is a novel plant growth regulator that plays significant roles in plant stress resistance. We found that Andrographis paniculata is extremely sensitive to low temperature (LT) with a threshold of 25°C. To evaluate whether and how DH-Fe alleviates LT stress in A. panicul...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1522481/full |
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| author | Shao-Fen Jian Shao-Fen Jian Shao-Fen Jian Yan-Fen Huang Yan-Fen Huang Yan-Fen Huang Dong-Liang Chen Chu Zhong Chu Zhong Chu Zhong |
| author_facet | Shao-Fen Jian Shao-Fen Jian Shao-Fen Jian Yan-Fen Huang Yan-Fen Huang Yan-Fen Huang Dong-Liang Chen Chu Zhong Chu Zhong Chu Zhong |
| author_sort | Shao-Fen Jian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dihydroporphyrin iron (DH-Fe) is a novel plant growth regulator that plays significant roles in plant stress resistance. We found that Andrographis paniculata is extremely sensitive to low temperature (LT) with a threshold of 25°C. To evaluate whether and how DH-Fe alleviates LT stress in A. paniculata, different DH-Fe concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 μg·L-1) were applied to estimate its effects on C and N metabolism and antioxidative capacity in A. paniculata grown under 20°C. Pre-treatment of DH-Fe alleviated LT-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Additionally, it relieved LT-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of catalase (CAT). DH-Fe reduced the contents of sucrose, soluble sugar and starch and the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and hexokinase (HXK), but stimulated the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and malic enzyme (ME). Soluble protein and proline contents were decreased by DH-Fe, while total N and free amino acids contents were increased, accompanying by the enhancement of the activities of glutamine synthase (GS), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GTP). Simultaneously, the content of andrographolide, the bioactive ingredient of A. paniculata, was remarkably declined. These results indicated that DH-Fe alleviates LT-induced oxidation by increasing sugar catabolism and allocating C metabolic flow to N assimilation. A concentration of 20 μg·L-1 DH-Fe is recommended to be used to enhance LT tolerance in A. paniculata. Our results update the understanding of the mechanism of plant cold tolerance and provide new ideas for relieving plant cold damage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e34139ab906f40a7be563fc376715009 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-e34139ab906f40a7be563fc3767150092025-08-20T02:58:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-01-011510.3389/fpls.2024.15224811522481Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculataShao-Fen Jian0Shao-Fen Jian1Shao-Fen Jian2Yan-Fen Huang3Yan-Fen Huang4Yan-Fen Huang5Dong-Liang Chen6Chu Zhong7Chu Zhong8Chu Zhong9National Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaNational Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaCash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, ChinaNational Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaDihydroporphyrin iron (DH-Fe) is a novel plant growth regulator that plays significant roles in plant stress resistance. We found that Andrographis paniculata is extremely sensitive to low temperature (LT) with a threshold of 25°C. To evaluate whether and how DH-Fe alleviates LT stress in A. paniculata, different DH-Fe concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 μg·L-1) were applied to estimate its effects on C and N metabolism and antioxidative capacity in A. paniculata grown under 20°C. Pre-treatment of DH-Fe alleviated LT-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Additionally, it relieved LT-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of catalase (CAT). DH-Fe reduced the contents of sucrose, soluble sugar and starch and the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and hexokinase (HXK), but stimulated the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and malic enzyme (ME). Soluble protein and proline contents were decreased by DH-Fe, while total N and free amino acids contents were increased, accompanying by the enhancement of the activities of glutamine synthase (GS), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GTP). Simultaneously, the content of andrographolide, the bioactive ingredient of A. paniculata, was remarkably declined. These results indicated that DH-Fe alleviates LT-induced oxidation by increasing sugar catabolism and allocating C metabolic flow to N assimilation. A concentration of 20 μg·L-1 DH-Fe is recommended to be used to enhance LT tolerance in A. paniculata. Our results update the understanding of the mechanism of plant cold tolerance and provide new ideas for relieving plant cold damage.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1522481/fulldihydroporphyrin ironlow temperature stresscarbon metabolismAndrographis paniculataantioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Shao-Fen Jian Shao-Fen Jian Shao-Fen Jian Yan-Fen Huang Yan-Fen Huang Yan-Fen Huang Dong-Liang Chen Chu Zhong Chu Zhong Chu Zhong Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata Frontiers in Plant Science dihydroporphyrin iron low temperature stress carbon metabolism Andrographis paniculata antioxidant |
| title | Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata |
| title_full | Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata |
| title_fullStr | Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata |
| title_short | Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata |
| title_sort | dihydroporphyrin iron iii enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in andrographis paniculata |
| topic | dihydroporphyrin iron low temperature stress carbon metabolism Andrographis paniculata antioxidant |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1522481/full |
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