Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

<b>Background:</b> Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is a significant vascular anomaly characterized by dilated, tortuous blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract. The current literature extensively documents the association between angiodysplasia and aortic stenosis, known as Heyde syn...

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Main Authors: Jacob J. Gries, Kamran Namjouyan, Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk, Mahboob Alam, Hani Jneid, Chayakrit Krittanawong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Gastrointestinal Disorders
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-5647/6/4/65
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author Jacob J. Gries
Kamran Namjouyan
Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
Mahboob Alam
Hani Jneid
Chayakrit Krittanawong
author_facet Jacob J. Gries
Kamran Namjouyan
Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
Mahboob Alam
Hani Jneid
Chayakrit Krittanawong
author_sort Jacob J. Gries
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is a significant vascular anomaly characterized by dilated, tortuous blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract. The current literature extensively documents the association between angiodysplasia and aortic stenosis, known as Heyde syndrome, characterized by the triad of aortic stenosis, GIB, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. However, other valvular diseases, including mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, have also been implicated. This comprehensive systematic review aims to investigate the spectrum of valvular abnormalities, exploring the intricate mechanisms by which they contribute to gastrointestinal bleeding. Furthermore, it will evaluate the available surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities, assessing their efficacy in mitigating the incidence of such bleeding. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of the Pubmed/MEDLINE database was conducted to identify relevant studies to retrieve relevant articles from August 2014 to August 2024. A combination of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and text words related to cardiac valvular diseases and GIB were used. MeSH terms included “gastrointestinal bleeding”, “heart valve diseases”, “hematochezia”, “heart valve prosthesis”, “bioprosthesis”, “native valve diseases”, and “mechanical valve”. <b>Results:</b> Forty-five papers met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven studies covered GIB in aortic valve disease, ten on mitral valve disease, two on tricuspid valve disease, and six on multiple valves. <b>Conclusions:</b> This systematic review demonstrates the association between angiodysplasia and aortic stenosis and highlights mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation as potential etiologies. Definitive management with valvuloplasty or valve replacement is vital to preventing the onset or recurrence of GIB in patients with valvular disease.
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spelling doaj-art-e32e8472859e4cd9af38d7e9f9116dd82025-08-20T02:53:26ZengMDPI AGGastrointestinal Disorders2624-56472024-12-016491694610.3390/gidisord6040065Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical StudiesJacob J. Gries0Kamran Namjouyan1Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk2Mahboob Alam3Hani Jneid4Chayakrit Krittanawong5Department of Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USADepartment of Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USADepartment of Cardiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Cardiology, The Texas Heart Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA<b>Background:</b> Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is a significant vascular anomaly characterized by dilated, tortuous blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract. The current literature extensively documents the association between angiodysplasia and aortic stenosis, known as Heyde syndrome, characterized by the triad of aortic stenosis, GIB, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. However, other valvular diseases, including mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, have also been implicated. This comprehensive systematic review aims to investigate the spectrum of valvular abnormalities, exploring the intricate mechanisms by which they contribute to gastrointestinal bleeding. Furthermore, it will evaluate the available surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities, assessing their efficacy in mitigating the incidence of such bleeding. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of the Pubmed/MEDLINE database was conducted to identify relevant studies to retrieve relevant articles from August 2014 to August 2024. A combination of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and text words related to cardiac valvular diseases and GIB were used. MeSH terms included “gastrointestinal bleeding”, “heart valve diseases”, “hematochezia”, “heart valve prosthesis”, “bioprosthesis”, “native valve diseases”, and “mechanical valve”. <b>Results:</b> Forty-five papers met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven studies covered GIB in aortic valve disease, ten on mitral valve disease, two on tricuspid valve disease, and six on multiple valves. <b>Conclusions:</b> This systematic review demonstrates the association between angiodysplasia and aortic stenosis and highlights mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation as potential etiologies. Definitive management with valvuloplasty or valve replacement is vital to preventing the onset or recurrence of GIB in patients with valvular disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-5647/6/4/65AngiodysplasiaGI bleedHeyde syndromevon Willebrand syndromeaortic stenosistricuspid regurgitation
spellingShingle Jacob J. Gries
Kamran Namjouyan
Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
Mahboob Alam
Hani Jneid
Chayakrit Krittanawong
Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Angiodysplasia
GI bleed
Heyde syndrome
von Willebrand syndrome
aortic stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation
title Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
title_full Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
title_fullStr Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
title_short Evaluating the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
title_sort evaluating the relationship between gastrointestinal bleeding and valvular heart disease a systematic review of clinical studies
topic Angiodysplasia
GI bleed
Heyde syndrome
von Willebrand syndrome
aortic stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-5647/6/4/65
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