The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review
The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing, especially for women in low-to-middle income countries. Biomarkers provide ever-increasing diagnostic precision for COPD and show promise for primary, secondary, and tertiary disease prevention. This review describes emerging...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| author | Kaitlin M. Phillips Philip F. Lavere Nicola A. Hanania Muhammad Adrish |
| author_facet | Kaitlin M. Phillips Philip F. Lavere Nicola A. Hanania Muhammad Adrish |
| author_sort | Kaitlin M. Phillips |
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| description | The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing, especially for women in low-to-middle income countries. Biomarkers provide ever-increasing diagnostic precision for COPD and show promise for primary, secondary, and tertiary disease prevention. This review describes emerging applications for biomarkers in COPD, especially as they align with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) emphasis on prevention, early diagnosis, and response to therapy. These biomarkers include blood eosinophils; IgE; C-reactive protein; fibrinogen; procalcitonin; interleukins 6, 8, and 33; tumor necrosis factor alpha; and soluble receptor for advanced glycated products (sRAGE). They have been used in various ways to identify COPD endotypes, predict exacerbations, predict mortality, and monitor the response to therapy. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is increasingly studied in eosinophilic COPD endotypes and can be a diagnostic and predictive non-invasive biomarker. Imaging biomarkers, especially the quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) assessment of airway remolding, functional small airway disease, air trapping, lung function, and volume surrogates, all serve as non-invasive biomarkers for screening, early detection, and disease progression. Biomarkers facilitate all the phases of COPD care from detecting early airflow obstruction to predicting exacerbation and mortality. Biomarkers will be increasingly used as precise diagnostic tools to improve the COPD outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the recent investigations in COPD biomarkers and their clinical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e32a2b4cb98d47b185f658e3d063a448 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e32a2b4cb98d47b185f658e3d063a4482025-08-20T01:56:16ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-05-011510124510.3390/diagnostics15101245The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative ReviewKaitlin M. Phillips0Philip F. Lavere1Nicola A. Hanania2Muhammad Adrish3Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USASection of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USASection of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USASection of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USAThe burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing, especially for women in low-to-middle income countries. Biomarkers provide ever-increasing diagnostic precision for COPD and show promise for primary, secondary, and tertiary disease prevention. This review describes emerging applications for biomarkers in COPD, especially as they align with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) emphasis on prevention, early diagnosis, and response to therapy. These biomarkers include blood eosinophils; IgE; C-reactive protein; fibrinogen; procalcitonin; interleukins 6, 8, and 33; tumor necrosis factor alpha; and soluble receptor for advanced glycated products (sRAGE). They have been used in various ways to identify COPD endotypes, predict exacerbations, predict mortality, and monitor the response to therapy. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is increasingly studied in eosinophilic COPD endotypes and can be a diagnostic and predictive non-invasive biomarker. Imaging biomarkers, especially the quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) assessment of airway remolding, functional small airway disease, air trapping, lung function, and volume surrogates, all serve as non-invasive biomarkers for screening, early detection, and disease progression. Biomarkers facilitate all the phases of COPD care from detecting early airflow obstruction to predicting exacerbation and mortality. Biomarkers will be increasingly used as precise diagnostic tools to improve the COPD outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the recent investigations in COPD biomarkers and their clinical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/10/1245biomarkersCOPD endotypesFENOeosinophilic COPDquantitative computerized tomography |
| spellingShingle | Kaitlin M. Phillips Philip F. Lavere Nicola A. Hanania Muhammad Adrish The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review Diagnostics biomarkers COPD endotypes FENO eosinophilic COPD quantitative computerized tomography |
| title | The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | The Emerging Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | emerging biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a narrative review |
| topic | biomarkers COPD endotypes FENO eosinophilic COPD quantitative computerized tomography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/10/1245 |
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