Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract Introduction Retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) presents with varying morphology and clinical implications. This study aims to classify retinal neovascularization into subtypes and assess their correlation with ischemic index using widefield optical coher...

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Main Authors: Akshita Aggarwal, Dibya Prabha, Brijesh Takkar, Sobha Sivaprasad, Padmaja Kumari Rani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Adis, Springer Healthcare 2025-07-01
Series:Ophthalmology and Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01213-z
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author Akshita Aggarwal
Dibya Prabha
Brijesh Takkar
Sobha Sivaprasad
Padmaja Kumari Rani
author_facet Akshita Aggarwal
Dibya Prabha
Brijesh Takkar
Sobha Sivaprasad
Padmaja Kumari Rani
author_sort Akshita Aggarwal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) presents with varying morphology and clinical implications. This study aims to classify retinal neovascularization into subtypes and assess their correlation with ischemic index using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. Methods This retrospective observational study included 50 treatment-naïve patients (84 eyes) with PDR who underwent baseline widefield fundus photography (CLARUS 500™) and widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA; Plex Elite 9000) between January 2022 and June 2024. Quantitative analysis of WF-OCTA images assessed capillary nonperfusion (CNP), ischemic index (ISI), and three neovascularization (NV) subtypes: type 1 NV (flat, intraretinal or subinternal limiting membrane growth), type 2 NV (preretinal proliferation extending into the vitreous), and type 3 NV (a combination of types 1 and 2 features, showing both flat and protruding components). Two clinicians manually delineated capillary nonperfusion (CNP) using ImageJ software. Neovascularization (NV) was classified by subtype and location (posterior versus mid-periphery). Ischemic index (ISI), nonperfusion area, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the need for adjunctive interventions (additional laser or vitreoretinal surgery) were correlated with treatment response to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). Results Type 1 neovascularization was most frequent (42.1%), with a mean ischemic index (ISI) of 0.19 ± 0.17. Type 3 neovascularization showed the highest ISI (0.27 ± 0.07) and largest nonperfusion area (36.66 mm2 ± 10.24). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 58% of patients after panretinal photocoagulation, with type 3 showing the greatest improvement. Adjunct laser therapy was required more frequently for type 2 (13 cases) following standard panretinal photocoagulation. However, type 3 required the least supplemental laser. Conclusions WF-OCTA proves valuable in the assessment of disease severity and its extent, along with possible implications on planning the intervention for PDR.
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spelling doaj-art-e328c528295445249293c2b65f02fa242025-08-24T11:11:41ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareOphthalmology and Therapy2193-82452193-65282025-07-011492243225110.1007/s40123-025-01213-zAssessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic RetinopathyAkshita Aggarwal0Dibya Prabha1Brijesh Takkar2Sobha Sivaprasad3Padmaja Kumari Rani4Srimati. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye InstituteSrimati. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye InstituteSrimati. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye InstituteNIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation TrustSrimati. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye InstituteAbstract Introduction Retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) presents with varying morphology and clinical implications. This study aims to classify retinal neovascularization into subtypes and assess their correlation with ischemic index using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. Methods This retrospective observational study included 50 treatment-naïve patients (84 eyes) with PDR who underwent baseline widefield fundus photography (CLARUS 500™) and widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA; Plex Elite 9000) between January 2022 and June 2024. Quantitative analysis of WF-OCTA images assessed capillary nonperfusion (CNP), ischemic index (ISI), and three neovascularization (NV) subtypes: type 1 NV (flat, intraretinal or subinternal limiting membrane growth), type 2 NV (preretinal proliferation extending into the vitreous), and type 3 NV (a combination of types 1 and 2 features, showing both flat and protruding components). Two clinicians manually delineated capillary nonperfusion (CNP) using ImageJ software. Neovascularization (NV) was classified by subtype and location (posterior versus mid-periphery). Ischemic index (ISI), nonperfusion area, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the need for adjunctive interventions (additional laser or vitreoretinal surgery) were correlated with treatment response to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). Results Type 1 neovascularization was most frequent (42.1%), with a mean ischemic index (ISI) of 0.19 ± 0.17. Type 3 neovascularization showed the highest ISI (0.27 ± 0.07) and largest nonperfusion area (36.66 mm2 ± 10.24). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 58% of patients after panretinal photocoagulation, with type 3 showing the greatest improvement. Adjunct laser therapy was required more frequently for type 2 (13 cases) following standard panretinal photocoagulation. However, type 3 required the least supplemental laser. Conclusions WF-OCTA proves valuable in the assessment of disease severity and its extent, along with possible implications on planning the intervention for PDR.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01213-zDiabetic retinopathyNeovascularizationOptical coherence tomography angiographyIschemic indexProliferative diabetic retinopathy
spellingShingle Akshita Aggarwal
Dibya Prabha
Brijesh Takkar
Sobha Sivaprasad
Padmaja Kumari Rani
Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Ophthalmology and Therapy
Diabetic retinopathy
Neovascularization
Optical coherence tomography angiography
Ischemic index
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
title Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
title_full Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
title_fullStr Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
title_short Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
title_sort assessment of relationship between neovascularization type using wide field optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
topic Diabetic retinopathy
Neovascularization
Optical coherence tomography angiography
Ischemic index
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01213-z
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