ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylation

Abstract Local increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) caused by specific adenylyl cyclases (ACs) can selectively modulate related proteins. AC-selective drugs have an advantage in side effect control, and the specific AC may finally be considered as a therapeutic target. We show that ade...

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Main Authors: Guangrui Pan, Mingquan Huang, Shaozhi Fu, Yu Wang, Lijia He, Bin Wu, Jinping Yang, Sheng Lin, Yu Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06294-1
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author Guangrui Pan
Mingquan Huang
Shaozhi Fu
Yu Wang
Lijia He
Bin Wu
Jinping Yang
Sheng Lin
Yu Fan
author_facet Guangrui Pan
Mingquan Huang
Shaozhi Fu
Yu Wang
Lijia He
Bin Wu
Jinping Yang
Sheng Lin
Yu Fan
author_sort Guangrui Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Local increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) caused by specific adenylyl cyclases (ACs) can selectively modulate related proteins. AC-selective drugs have an advantage in side effect control, and the specific AC may finally be considered as a therapeutic target. We show that adenylyl cyclase 4 (ADCY4), which is silenced by DNA methylation and is critical for breast cancer (BC) patient survival, plays essential roles in anti-tumor effects in BC cells. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor can restore ADCY4 mRNA expression in ADCY4-silenced BC cells. ADCY4 directly affects BC cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Mechanistically, ADCY4 converts ATP to cAMP and activates cAMP/PKA signaling, leading to a decrease in the phosphorylation level of downstream FAK/AKT and ERK signaling and creating a suppression environment for cell survival. Ectopic ADCY4 inhibits BC growth, which is blocked by cAMP inhibition, activating AKT and ERK. The present study provides evidence that human BC relies upon this epigenetic silenced ADCY4-associated ATP-cAMP loop for phosphorylation and activation of FAK/AKT and ERK signaling. Also, ADCY4 increases BC cell chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. The observations demonstrates that ADCY4 is a significant tumor suppressor and that loss of ADCY4 functions by DNA methylation hampers cAMP signaling and triggers FAK/AKT and ERK signaling during breast tumorigenesis.
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spelling doaj-art-e32415f93dd147be88f2d4b3532051d82025-08-20T03:03:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-06294-1ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylationGuangrui Pan0Mingquan Huang1Shaozhi Fu2Yu Wang3Lijia He4Bin Wu5Jinping Yang6Sheng Lin7Yu Fan8Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityHealth Management Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of GuangyuanDepartment of Oncology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityAbstract Local increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) caused by specific adenylyl cyclases (ACs) can selectively modulate related proteins. AC-selective drugs have an advantage in side effect control, and the specific AC may finally be considered as a therapeutic target. We show that adenylyl cyclase 4 (ADCY4), which is silenced by DNA methylation and is critical for breast cancer (BC) patient survival, plays essential roles in anti-tumor effects in BC cells. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor can restore ADCY4 mRNA expression in ADCY4-silenced BC cells. ADCY4 directly affects BC cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Mechanistically, ADCY4 converts ATP to cAMP and activates cAMP/PKA signaling, leading to a decrease in the phosphorylation level of downstream FAK/AKT and ERK signaling and creating a suppression environment for cell survival. Ectopic ADCY4 inhibits BC growth, which is blocked by cAMP inhibition, activating AKT and ERK. The present study provides evidence that human BC relies upon this epigenetic silenced ADCY4-associated ATP-cAMP loop for phosphorylation and activation of FAK/AKT and ERK signaling. Also, ADCY4 increases BC cell chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. The observations demonstrates that ADCY4 is a significant tumor suppressor and that loss of ADCY4 functions by DNA methylation hampers cAMP signaling and triggers FAK/AKT and ERK signaling during breast tumorigenesis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06294-1ADCY4Breast cancercAMPDNA methylationFAK
spellingShingle Guangrui Pan
Mingquan Huang
Shaozhi Fu
Yu Wang
Lijia He
Bin Wu
Jinping Yang
Sheng Lin
Yu Fan
ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylation
Scientific Reports
ADCY4
Breast cancer
cAMP
DNA methylation
FAK
title ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylation
title_full ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylation
title_fullStr ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylation
title_full_unstemmed ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylation
title_short ADCY4 inhibits cAMP-induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating FAK/AKT and ERK signaling but is frequently silenced by DNA methylation
title_sort adcy4 inhibits camp induced growth of breast cancer by inactivating fak akt and erk signaling but is frequently silenced by dna methylation
topic ADCY4
Breast cancer
cAMP
DNA methylation
FAK
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06294-1
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