Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models

Macrophages are important immune cells of the innate immune system that are involved in organ-specific homeostasis and contribute to both pathology and resolution of diseases including infections, cancer, obesity, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. Multiple lines of evidence point to macroph...

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Main Authors: Xueli Fan, Hongliang Zhang, Yun Cheng, Xinmei Jiang, Jie Zhu, Tao Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2016-01-01
Series:Mediators of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8489251
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author Xueli Fan
Hongliang Zhang
Yun Cheng
Xinmei Jiang
Jie Zhu
Tao Jin
author_facet Xueli Fan
Hongliang Zhang
Yun Cheng
Xinmei Jiang
Jie Zhu
Tao Jin
author_sort Xueli Fan
collection DOAJ
description Macrophages are important immune cells of the innate immune system that are involved in organ-specific homeostasis and contribute to both pathology and resolution of diseases including infections, cancer, obesity, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. Multiple lines of evidence point to macrophages as a remarkably heterogeneous cell type. Different phenotypes of macrophages exert either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles depending on the cytokines and other mediators that they are exposed to in the local microenvironment. Proinflammatory macrophages secrete detrimental molecules to induce disease development, while anti-inflammatory macrophages produce beneficial mediators to promote disease recovery. The conversion of the phenotypes of macrophages can regulate the initiation, development, and recovery of autoimmune diseases. Human neuroimmune diseases majorly include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), myasthenia gravis (MG), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of these neuroimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the double roles of macrophage in neuroimmune diseases and their animal models to further explore the mechanisms of macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, which may provide a potential therapeutic approach for these disorders in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-e31d4754b7144a418bd7a31419023f9f2025-08-20T02:21:14ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612016-01-01201610.1155/2016/84892518489251Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal ModelsXueli Fan0Hongliang Zhang1Yun Cheng2Xinmei Jiang3Jie Zhu4Tao Jin5Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaDepartment of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaDepartment of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaDepartment of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaDepartment of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaDepartment of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaMacrophages are important immune cells of the innate immune system that are involved in organ-specific homeostasis and contribute to both pathology and resolution of diseases including infections, cancer, obesity, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. Multiple lines of evidence point to macrophages as a remarkably heterogeneous cell type. Different phenotypes of macrophages exert either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles depending on the cytokines and other mediators that they are exposed to in the local microenvironment. Proinflammatory macrophages secrete detrimental molecules to induce disease development, while anti-inflammatory macrophages produce beneficial mediators to promote disease recovery. The conversion of the phenotypes of macrophages can regulate the initiation, development, and recovery of autoimmune diseases. Human neuroimmune diseases majorly include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), myasthenia gravis (MG), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of these neuroimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the double roles of macrophage in neuroimmune diseases and their animal models to further explore the mechanisms of macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, which may provide a potential therapeutic approach for these disorders in the future.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8489251
spellingShingle Xueli Fan
Hongliang Zhang
Yun Cheng
Xinmei Jiang
Jie Zhu
Tao Jin
Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models
Mediators of Inflammation
title Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models
title_full Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models
title_fullStr Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models
title_full_unstemmed Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models
title_short Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models
title_sort double roles of macrophages in human neuroimmune diseases and their animal models
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8489251
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AT xinmeijiang doublerolesofmacrophagesinhumanneuroimmunediseasesandtheiranimalmodels
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