Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food
Introduction: Patulin has raised the international attention because of its health risk. In fact, it has mutagenic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic and gastrointestinal effects in animals. In the present work, patulin and patulin-producing Penicillium spp. in apple and apple-based products market...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2017-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/9043 |
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| author | Walid Hammami Roda Al-Thani Stefano Fiori Saeed Al-Meer Fathy Atia Atia Duha Rabah Quirico Migheli Samir Jaoua |
| author_facet | Walid Hammami Roda Al-Thani Stefano Fiori Saeed Al-Meer Fathy Atia Atia Duha Rabah Quirico Migheli Samir Jaoua |
| author_sort | Walid Hammami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Patulin has raised the international attention because of its health risk. In fact, it has mutagenic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic and gastrointestinal effects in animals. In the present work, patulin and patulin-producing Penicillium spp. in apple and apple-based products marketed in Qatar were analysed.
Methodology: Sampling was carried out using apple fruits and apple-based products. Fungi were isolated from undamaged apples, apple juice and baby apple food. DNA extraction was carried out with DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, USA). The molecular identification of fungal isolates was carried out using ITS1-ITS4 PCR. PCR products were sequenced and blasted. Patulin was extracted and analyzed by LC/MS/MS, then quantified using Agilent 1290UHPLC coupled to 6460 triple quadruple mass spectrometer.
Results: Forty-five samples of undamaged fresh apple fruits, apple juice and apple-based baby food products sold in different markets in Qatar were surveyed for both fungal and patulin contamination using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometery (LC/MS/MS). Twenty-five Penicillium spp. isolates were selected, including 23 P. expansum and one isolate each of P. brevicompactum and P. commune. All the tested Penicillium spp. isolates produced patulin in vitro (from 40 to 100 μg/g on Malt Yeast Extract agar medium). Patulin was detected in 100% of apple juice samples at levels ranging from 5.27 to 82.21 µg/kg. Only 5 samples contained patulin levels higher than European Union recommended limit (50 µg/kg). The average patulin contamination was 30.67 µg/kg and 10.92 µg/kg in baby apple juice and in baby apple compote, respectively.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e31c2ed188874deeb52c23d8441886de |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-e31c2ed188874deeb52c23d8441886de2025-08-20T03:52:42ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802017-04-01110410.3855/jidc.9043Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby foodWalid Hammami0Roda Al-Thani1Stefano Fiori2Saeed Al-Meer3Fathy Atia Atia4Duha Rabah5Quirico Migheli6Samir Jaoua7College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, QatarCollege of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, QatarSassari University, Sassari, ItalyQatar University, Doha, QatarQatar University, Doha, QatarCollege of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, QatarSassari University, Sassari, ItalyCollege of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, QatarIntroduction: Patulin has raised the international attention because of its health risk. In fact, it has mutagenic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic and gastrointestinal effects in animals. In the present work, patulin and patulin-producing Penicillium spp. in apple and apple-based products marketed in Qatar were analysed. Methodology: Sampling was carried out using apple fruits and apple-based products. Fungi were isolated from undamaged apples, apple juice and baby apple food. DNA extraction was carried out with DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, USA). The molecular identification of fungal isolates was carried out using ITS1-ITS4 PCR. PCR products were sequenced and blasted. Patulin was extracted and analyzed by LC/MS/MS, then quantified using Agilent 1290UHPLC coupled to 6460 triple quadruple mass spectrometer. Results: Forty-five samples of undamaged fresh apple fruits, apple juice and apple-based baby food products sold in different markets in Qatar were surveyed for both fungal and patulin contamination using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometery (LC/MS/MS). Twenty-five Penicillium spp. isolates were selected, including 23 P. expansum and one isolate each of P. brevicompactum and P. commune. All the tested Penicillium spp. isolates produced patulin in vitro (from 40 to 100 μg/g on Malt Yeast Extract agar medium). Patulin was detected in 100% of apple juice samples at levels ranging from 5.27 to 82.21 µg/kg. Only 5 samples contained patulin levels higher than European Union recommended limit (50 µg/kg). The average patulin contamination was 30.67 µg/kg and 10.92 µg/kg in baby apple juice and in baby apple compote, respectively. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/9043MycotoxinPenicilliumfood safetyfungal contamination |
| spellingShingle | Walid Hammami Roda Al-Thani Stefano Fiori Saeed Al-Meer Fathy Atia Atia Duha Rabah Quirico Migheli Samir Jaoua Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Mycotoxin Penicillium food safety fungal contamination |
| title | Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food |
| title_full | Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food |
| title_fullStr | Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food |
| title_short | Patulin and patulin producing Penicillium spp. occurrence in apples and apple-based products including baby food |
| title_sort | patulin and patulin producing penicillium spp occurrence in apples and apple based products including baby food |
| topic | Mycotoxin Penicillium food safety fungal contamination |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/9043 |
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