On Extracting Thermal Parameters and Scenario in High-Energy Collisions
The inconsistent thermal parameters derived from various models in high-energy collisions are examined. A comprehensive literature review suggests model-independent parameters to address these inconsistencies, based on the average transverse momentum pT and root-mean-square transverse momentum pT2....
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in High Energy Physics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ahep/7766862 |
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| Summary: | The inconsistent thermal parameters derived from various models in high-energy collisions are examined. A comprehensive literature review suggests model-independent parameters to address these inconsistencies, based on the average transverse momentum pT and root-mean-square transverse momentum pT2. The relevant parameters include the initial temperature Ti≈pT2/2, effective temperature T=pT/2, kinetic freeze-out temperature T0=pT/6.14, and average transverse velocity βT=pT/2m, where m is the average mass of moving particles in the emission source’s rest frame. Alternatively, T0 can be seen as the intercept in the linear relationship between T and m0, while βT represents the slope between pT and m (with m0 being the rest mass of a specified particle). Our findings show that these four parameters increase in central collisions, within central rapidity regions, at higher energies, and in larger collision systems. As collision energy rises, excitation functions for all four parameters increase rapidly below approximately 7.7 GeV but slowly above this threshold. At energies greater than 39 GeV, fluctuations appear in these trends with only minor changes observed in their growth rates. This work also reveals a mass-dependent multitemperature scenario related to both initial states and kinetic freeze-out processes. |
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| ISSN: | 1687-7365 |