Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al Alloy

Hydrogen can be easily captured by the rare-earth (RE) elements in hydrogen-rich environments, which significantly affect the phase compositions and mechanical performance of Mg-RE based alloys. However, the morphology of RE hydrides and their orientation relationships (ORs) with the Mg matrix have...

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Main Authors: Kun Chen, Yangxin Li, Yang Su, Shufen Chu, Zhihao Xiong, Dong Qiu, Xiaoqin Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/3/249
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author Kun Chen
Yangxin Li
Yang Su
Shufen Chu
Zhihao Xiong
Dong Qiu
Xiaoqin Zeng
author_facet Kun Chen
Yangxin Li
Yang Su
Shufen Chu
Zhihao Xiong
Dong Qiu
Xiaoqin Zeng
author_sort Kun Chen
collection DOAJ
description Hydrogen can be easily captured by the rare-earth (RE) elements in hydrogen-rich environments, which significantly affect the phase compositions and mechanical performance of Mg-RE based alloys. However, the morphology of RE hydrides and their orientation relationships (ORs) with the Mg matrix have not been well explained. Here, a stable face-centered cubic (FCC) <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> hydride was introduced and uniformly distributed in a Mg-15Gd-2.5Y-1Al alloy after hydrogenation treatment at 500 °C and 2 MPa for 40 h. The plate-like <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> hydride with six variants was identified to exhibit an OR with the magnesium (Mg) matrix, which is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>0001</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>//<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>001</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mn>10.5</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>002</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>10</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mn>10.5</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>020</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Further crystallographic matching calculations based on the edge-to-edge matching model suggest that such an OR is energetically favorable and provides the actual interface between the RE hydrides and the Mg matrix during precipitation. Our findings offer new insights into the microstructural regulation of Mg alloys in hydrogenation environments.
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spelling doaj-art-e30e2e0a4b744660b99ffa02ad6d0fa32025-08-20T02:42:46ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-03-0115324910.3390/cryst15030249Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al AlloyKun Chen0Yangxin Li1Yang Su2Shufen Chu3Zhihao Xiong4Dong Qiu5Xiaoqin Zeng6National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaCentre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3053, AustraliaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaHydrogen can be easily captured by the rare-earth (RE) elements in hydrogen-rich environments, which significantly affect the phase compositions and mechanical performance of Mg-RE based alloys. However, the morphology of RE hydrides and their orientation relationships (ORs) with the Mg matrix have not been well explained. Here, a stable face-centered cubic (FCC) <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> hydride was introduced and uniformly distributed in a Mg-15Gd-2.5Y-1Al alloy after hydrogenation treatment at 500 °C and 2 MPa for 40 h. The plate-like <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> hydride with six variants was identified to exhibit an OR with the magnesium (Mg) matrix, which is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>0001</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>//<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>001</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mn>10.5</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>002</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>10</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mn>10.5</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>020</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Further crystallographic matching calculations based on the edge-to-edge matching model suggest that such an OR is energetically favorable and provides the actual interface between the RE hydrides and the Mg matrix during precipitation. Our findings offer new insights into the microstructural regulation of Mg alloys in hydrogenation environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/3/249magnesium alloyshydridecrystallographymorphology
spellingShingle Kun Chen
Yangxin Li
Yang Su
Shufen Chu
Zhihao Xiong
Dong Qiu
Xiaoqin Zeng
Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al Alloy
Crystals
magnesium alloys
hydride
crystallography
morphology
title Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al Alloy
title_full Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al Alloy
title_fullStr Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al Alloy
title_full_unstemmed Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al Alloy
title_short Crystallography and Morphology of (Gd,Y)H<sub>2</sub> Hydride in a Mg-Gd-Y-Al Alloy
title_sort crystallography and morphology of gd y h sub 2 sub hydride in a mg gd y al alloy
topic magnesium alloys
hydride
crystallography
morphology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/3/249
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AT shufenchu crystallographyandmorphologyofgdyhsub2subhydrideinamggdyalalloy
AT zhihaoxiong crystallographyandmorphologyofgdyhsub2subhydrideinamggdyalalloy
AT dongqiu crystallographyandmorphologyofgdyhsub2subhydrideinamggdyalalloy
AT xiaoqinzeng crystallographyandmorphologyofgdyhsub2subhydrideinamggdyalalloy