High prevalence of constitutional BRCA1 epimutation in patients with early-onset triple-negative breast cancer

High prevalence of constitutional BRCA1 epimutation in patients with early-onset triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract Between 5 and 8% of the general population carry a constitutional methylation of the BRCA1 promoter (“epimutation”). Several studies have suggested that these BRCA1 epimutations confer an increased risk of breast cancer, in particular triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), with an earlier on...

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Main Authors: Mathias Schwartz, Sabrina Ibadioune, Hélène Delhomelle, Solenn Barraud, Sandrine M. Caputo, Olfa Trabelsi-Grati, Marie-Charlotte Villy, Anthony Laugé, Roseline Tang, Etienne Rouleau, Emmanuelle Mouret-Fourme, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Éric Pasmant, Lisa Golmard, Chrystelle Colas, Ivan Bièche
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Clinical Epigenetics
Subjects:
HBOC
Methylation
Promoter
Cancer predisposition
Epimutation
Constitutional epimutation
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01885-1
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Summary:Abstract Between 5 and 8% of the general population carry a constitutional methylation of the BRCA1 promoter (“epimutation”). Several studies have suggested that these BRCA1 epimutations confer an increased risk of breast cancer, in particular triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), with an earlier onset than in the general population. However, those studies relied on very few patients with early-onset TNBC. Using specific Methylation-Sensitive High-Resolution Melting, we assessed BRCA1 epimutation prevalence in a large cohort of 112 early-onset (≤ 30 years-old) TNBC patients with no genetic cancer-predisposing pathogenic variants (PVs). We compared this cohort to 87 early-onset TNBC patients carrying cancer-predisposing PVs and to 93 late-onset (≥ 70 years-old) TNBC with no cancer-predisposing PVs. We observed a high prevalence of BRCA1 epimutation in blood cells from early-onset TNBC patients with no cancer-predisposing PVs (38/112, 33.9% [95% confidence interval: 25.4–43.6%]) as compared to early-onset patients with cancer-predisposing PVs (1/87, 1.1% [0.1–7.1%], p value < 0.001) and late-onset patients (11/93, 11.8% [6.3–20.6%], p value < 0.001). These differences remained significant when restricting to epimutations with low variant epiallele frequencies (VEF under 1%). Our results highlight the role of constitutional BRCA1 epimutations in early-onset TNBC risk and call for their integration into multifactorial models used to compute personalized breast cancer risk.
ISSN:1868-7083

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