Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy

Abstract The interactions between CD40 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are implicated in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Given their poorly understood role in chronic transplant rejection, our study focused on investigating the CD40-TRAF6 interactions in murine mode...

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Main Authors: Yajun Huang, Junlin Lai, Xing Chen, Jinfeng Yang, Chenghao Li, Yixuan Wang, Yuqi Chen, Tian Xia, Yijie Luo, Wai Yen Yim, Xiangchao Ding, Guohua Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08315-5
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author Yajun Huang
Junlin Lai
Xing Chen
Jinfeng Yang
Chenghao Li
Yixuan Wang
Yuqi Chen
Tian Xia
Yijie Luo
Wai Yen Yim
Xiangchao Ding
Guohua Wang
author_facet Yajun Huang
Junlin Lai
Xing Chen
Jinfeng Yang
Chenghao Li
Yixuan Wang
Yuqi Chen
Tian Xia
Yijie Luo
Wai Yen Yim
Xiangchao Ding
Guohua Wang
author_sort Yajun Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The interactions between CD40 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are implicated in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Given their poorly understood role in chronic transplant rejection, our study focused on investigating the CD40-TRAF6 interactions in murine models of cardiac transplantation, particularly in relation to cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). We established murine heart transplantation models using BALB/C to C57BL/6 and H-2bm12 to C57BL/6 pairings. A specific antagonist for TRAF6 was administered post-transplantation, either alone or in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA). We analyzed cells infiltrating the cardiac allografts and splenic immune cells. Additionally, We explore the potential mechanistic effects of TRAF6 inhibition in CAV by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) co-culture. The inhibition of CD40-TRAF6 interaction significantly prolonged the survival of cardiac allografts. When combined with CsA, this treatment induced long-term survival of the allografts. Specifically, in the H-2bm12 to C57BL/6 heart transplantation model, inhibiting TRAF6 mitigated the development of CAV. This blockade led to a decrease in CD11b + and CD4 + cells within the allografts. In vitro experiments showed that TRAF6 inhibition had limited effects on mixed lymphocyte culture responses and minimally affected the proliferation of naive CD4 + cells activated by CD3/CD28. Furthermore, BMDMs under CD40-TRAF6 inhibition were more likely to differentiate into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and their migration capability was reduced. Our findings demonstrate that inhibiting the TRAF6 pathway can significantly ameliorate both acute and chronic allograft rejection. The combination with CsA appears to have a synergistic effect, suggesting that targeting the TRAF6 could be a beneficial co-strategy for managing alloimmune responses. Importantly, our results position TRAF6 as a promising complementary target for enhancing outcomes in CAV.
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spelling doaj-art-e2f6a32a61c147c7ac2d3bbc65e0eef82025-08-20T03:37:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-08315-5Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergyYajun Huang0Junlin Lai1Xing Chen2Jinfeng Yang3Chenghao Li4Yixuan Wang5Yuqi Chen6Tian Xia7Yijie Luo8Wai Yen Yim9Xiangchao Ding10Guohua Wang11Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract The interactions between CD40 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are implicated in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Given their poorly understood role in chronic transplant rejection, our study focused on investigating the CD40-TRAF6 interactions in murine models of cardiac transplantation, particularly in relation to cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). We established murine heart transplantation models using BALB/C to C57BL/6 and H-2bm12 to C57BL/6 pairings. A specific antagonist for TRAF6 was administered post-transplantation, either alone or in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA). We analyzed cells infiltrating the cardiac allografts and splenic immune cells. Additionally, We explore the potential mechanistic effects of TRAF6 inhibition in CAV by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) co-culture. The inhibition of CD40-TRAF6 interaction significantly prolonged the survival of cardiac allografts. When combined with CsA, this treatment induced long-term survival of the allografts. Specifically, in the H-2bm12 to C57BL/6 heart transplantation model, inhibiting TRAF6 mitigated the development of CAV. This blockade led to a decrease in CD11b + and CD4 + cells within the allografts. In vitro experiments showed that TRAF6 inhibition had limited effects on mixed lymphocyte culture responses and minimally affected the proliferation of naive CD4 + cells activated by CD3/CD28. Furthermore, BMDMs under CD40-TRAF6 inhibition were more likely to differentiate into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and their migration capability was reduced. Our findings demonstrate that inhibiting the TRAF6 pathway can significantly ameliorate both acute and chronic allograft rejection. The combination with CsA appears to have a synergistic effect, suggesting that targeting the TRAF6 could be a beneficial co-strategy for managing alloimmune responses. Importantly, our results position TRAF6 as a promising complementary target for enhancing outcomes in CAV.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08315-5Heart transplantationCardiac allograft vasculopathyTRAF6
spellingShingle Yajun Huang
Junlin Lai
Xing Chen
Jinfeng Yang
Chenghao Li
Yixuan Wang
Yuqi Chen
Tian Xia
Yijie Luo
Wai Yen Yim
Xiangchao Ding
Guohua Wang
Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy
Scientific Reports
Heart transplantation
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
TRAF6
title Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy
title_full Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy
title_fullStr Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy
title_full_unstemmed Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy
title_short Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy
title_sort mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via cd40 traf6 blockade and cyclosporin a synergy
topic Heart transplantation
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
TRAF6
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08315-5
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