HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>

A comprehensive metabolic profiling of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> (L.) G. Don was performed using tandem mass spectrometry, along with an evaluation of the biological activities of its various solvent extracts. Among these, the methanolic leaf extract exhibited mild radical scavenging ac...

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Main Authors: Soniya Joshi, Chen Huo, Rabin Budhathoki, Anita Gurung, Salyan Bhattarai, Khaga Raj Sharma, Ki Hyun Kim, Niranjan Parajuli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2395
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author Soniya Joshi
Chen Huo
Rabin Budhathoki
Anita Gurung
Salyan Bhattarai
Khaga Raj Sharma
Ki Hyun Kim
Niranjan Parajuli
author_facet Soniya Joshi
Chen Huo
Rabin Budhathoki
Anita Gurung
Salyan Bhattarai
Khaga Raj Sharma
Ki Hyun Kim
Niranjan Parajuli
author_sort Soniya Joshi
collection DOAJ
description A comprehensive metabolic profiling of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> (L.) G. Don was performed using tandem mass spectrometry, along with an evaluation of the biological activities of its various solvent extracts. Among these, the methanolic leaf extract exhibited mild radical scavenging activity, low to moderate antimicrobial activity, and limited cytotoxicity in both the brine shrimp lethality assay and MTT assay against HeLa and A549 cell lines. High-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS) analysis led to the annotation of 34 metabolites, primarily alkaloids. These included 23 indole alkaloids, two fatty acids, two pentacyclic triterpenoids, one amino acid, four porphyrin derivatives, one glyceride, and one chlorin derivative. Notably, two metabolites—2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate and (10<i>S</i>)-hydroxypheophorbide A—were identified for the first time in <i>C. roseus</i>. Furthermore, Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) analysis revealed 18 additional metabolites, including epoxypheophorbide A, 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone, and 20-isocatharanthine. These findings highlight the diverse secondary metabolite profile of <i>C. roseus</i> and support its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for therapeutic development.
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spelling doaj-art-e2e620828c3347b4928d41f4349977ec2025-08-20T03:02:56ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-08-011415239510.3390/plants14152395HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>Soniya Joshi0Chen Huo1Rabin Budhathoki2Anita Gurung3Salyan Bhattarai4Khaga Raj Sharma5Ki Hyun Kim6Niranjan Parajuli7Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, NepalSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaCentral Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, NepalCentral Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, NepalParaza Pharma, Inc., 2525 Marie-Curie Avenue, Montreal, QC H4S 2E, CanadaCentral Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, NepalSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaCentral Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, NepalA comprehensive metabolic profiling of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> (L.) G. Don was performed using tandem mass spectrometry, along with an evaluation of the biological activities of its various solvent extracts. Among these, the methanolic leaf extract exhibited mild radical scavenging activity, low to moderate antimicrobial activity, and limited cytotoxicity in both the brine shrimp lethality assay and MTT assay against HeLa and A549 cell lines. High-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS) analysis led to the annotation of 34 metabolites, primarily alkaloids. These included 23 indole alkaloids, two fatty acids, two pentacyclic triterpenoids, one amino acid, four porphyrin derivatives, one glyceride, and one chlorin derivative. Notably, two metabolites—2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate and (10<i>S</i>)-hydroxypheophorbide A—were identified for the first time in <i>C. roseus</i>. Furthermore, Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) analysis revealed 18 additional metabolites, including epoxypheophorbide A, 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone, and 20-isocatharanthine. These findings highlight the diverse secondary metabolite profile of <i>C. roseus</i> and support its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for therapeutic development.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2395<i>Catharanthus roseus</i>radical scavenging activityantimicrobial assayGNPSsecondary metabolites
spellingShingle Soniya Joshi
Chen Huo
Rabin Budhathoki
Anita Gurung
Salyan Bhattarai
Khaga Raj Sharma
Ki Hyun Kim
Niranjan Parajuli
HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
Plants
<i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
radical scavenging activity
antimicrobial assay
GNPS
secondary metabolites
title HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
title_full HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
title_fullStr HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
title_full_unstemmed HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
title_short HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
title_sort hplc esi hrms ms based metabolite profiling and bioactivity assessment of i catharanthus roseus i
topic <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
radical scavenging activity
antimicrobial assay
GNPS
secondary metabolites
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2395
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