Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System
Abstract Despite the considerable cost associated with estimating household emissions from solid fuel, which are frequently undetected by air quality monitoring systems, compiling such an inventory is critical to identifying the link between indoor pollution and health effects. Therefore, this study...
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Springer
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200581 |
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| author | Colleen Marciel F. Rosales Jinsang Jung Mylene G. Cayetano |
| author_facet | Colleen Marciel F. Rosales Jinsang Jung Mylene G. Cayetano |
| author_sort | Colleen Marciel F. Rosales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Despite the considerable cost associated with estimating household emissions from solid fuel, which are frequently undetected by air quality monitoring systems, compiling such an inventory is critical to identifying the link between indoor pollution and health effects. Therefore, this study used the UP Diliman dilution tunnel system (UPDDTS) to characterize the composition of particulate matter in the smoke and quantify the PM2.5 emitted by traditional Philippine cooking systems, viz., a charcoal-burning cement stove (CCP), a sawdust-burning tin-can stove (KKP), a fuelwood-burning metal-grill stove (MFP), a kerosene-burning metal stove (MKP), and a charcoalburning metal-grill stove (MCC). Forty-three sampling tests revealed that water-soluble K+ (23.0 ± 1.9 µg m−3), Cl− (12.3 ± 1.0 µg m−3), and Na+ (43 ± 22 µg m−3) contributed to the majority of the ionic mass concentrations generated by the CCP and MKP, respectively, whereas levoglucosan— a signature of biomass burning—dominated the PM2.5-bound monosugars emitted by the KKP (78.72 ± 6.96 µg m−3), MFP (0.76 ± 0.34 µg m−3), and MCC (10.21 ± 2.64 µg m−3). The abundance of the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in all of the samples, except those from the MKP, depended on the surface area—and thus the facet—of the fuel. Additionally, the elemental compositions of the PM2.5 from the CCP, KKP, and MCC mainly consisted of Pb (1.96 ± 1.04 to 76.02 ± 151.42 ng min−1), but those for the MFP and KKP primarily contained Cu (2.23 ± 1.18 ng min−1) and As (5.51 ± 1.08 ng min−1), respectively. The PM2.5 emission rates exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)’s emission rate target guideline for ventilated conditions (0.8 mg min−1) by 1.9 × 106 to 23 × 106 mg min−1, and the highest PM2.5 emission factor, 0.032 ± 0.016 kg-PM2.5 kg-fuel−1 y−1, which was exhibited by the MKP, surpassed values in the literature by three orders of magnitude. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2e19698c6c24c13a5770e84a28e6fb6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2e19698c6c24c13a5770e84a28e6fb62025-02-09T12:20:23ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092021-03-0121711710.4209/aaqr.200581Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel SystemColleen Marciel F. Rosales0Jinsang Jung1Mylene G. Cayetano2Institute of Chemistry, University of the PhilippinesKorea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceInstitute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the PhilippinesAbstract Despite the considerable cost associated with estimating household emissions from solid fuel, which are frequently undetected by air quality monitoring systems, compiling such an inventory is critical to identifying the link between indoor pollution and health effects. Therefore, this study used the UP Diliman dilution tunnel system (UPDDTS) to characterize the composition of particulate matter in the smoke and quantify the PM2.5 emitted by traditional Philippine cooking systems, viz., a charcoal-burning cement stove (CCP), a sawdust-burning tin-can stove (KKP), a fuelwood-burning metal-grill stove (MFP), a kerosene-burning metal stove (MKP), and a charcoalburning metal-grill stove (MCC). Forty-three sampling tests revealed that water-soluble K+ (23.0 ± 1.9 µg m−3), Cl− (12.3 ± 1.0 µg m−3), and Na+ (43 ± 22 µg m−3) contributed to the majority of the ionic mass concentrations generated by the CCP and MKP, respectively, whereas levoglucosan— a signature of biomass burning—dominated the PM2.5-bound monosugars emitted by the KKP (78.72 ± 6.96 µg m−3), MFP (0.76 ± 0.34 µg m−3), and MCC (10.21 ± 2.64 µg m−3). The abundance of the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in all of the samples, except those from the MKP, depended on the surface area—and thus the facet—of the fuel. Additionally, the elemental compositions of the PM2.5 from the CCP, KKP, and MCC mainly consisted of Pb (1.96 ± 1.04 to 76.02 ± 151.42 ng min−1), but those for the MFP and KKP primarily contained Cu (2.23 ± 1.18 ng min−1) and As (5.51 ± 1.08 ng min−1), respectively. The PM2.5 emission rates exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)’s emission rate target guideline for ventilated conditions (0.8 mg min−1) by 1.9 × 106 to 23 × 106 mg min−1, and the highest PM2.5 emission factor, 0.032 ± 0.016 kg-PM2.5 kg-fuel−1 y−1, which was exhibited by the MKP, surpassed values in the literature by three orders of magnitude.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200581Emission inventoryEmission factordilution tunnelParticulate matterAir quality |
| spellingShingle | Colleen Marciel F. Rosales Jinsang Jung Mylene G. Cayetano Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System Aerosol and Air Quality Research Emission inventory Emission factor dilution tunnel Particulate matter Air quality |
| title | Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System |
| title_full | Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System |
| title_fullStr | Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System |
| title_short | Emissions and Chemical Components of PM2.5 from Simulated Cooking Conditions Using Traditional Cookstoves and Fuels under a Dilution Tunnel System |
| title_sort | emissions and chemical components of pm2 5 from simulated cooking conditions using traditional cookstoves and fuels under a dilution tunnel system |
| topic | Emission inventory Emission factor dilution tunnel Particulate matter Air quality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200581 |
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