A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients
BackgroundGynecomastia, characterized by benign proliferation of male breast glandular tissue, is a prevalent condition with complex etiologies. However, the absence of effective in vitro models has hindered mechanistic investigations and therapeutic development.MethodsIn this study, we established...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1593368/full |
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| author | Fangjian Shang Zihao Li Ji Feng Qi Wang Mengyang An Zengren Zhao Bo Liu |
| author_facet | Fangjian Shang Zihao Li Ji Feng Qi Wang Mengyang An Zengren Zhao Bo Liu |
| author_sort | Fangjian Shang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundGynecomastia, characterized by benign proliferation of male breast glandular tissue, is a prevalent condition with complex etiologies. However, the absence of effective in vitro models has hindered mechanistic investigations and therapeutic development.MethodsIn this study, we established and characterized organoids derived from the breast tissues of six male gynecomastia patients, including physiological, idiopathic, and hormone-related subtypes. Organoid fidelity was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and quantitative PCR (qPCR), targeting a panel of lineage-specific and proliferative markers.ResultsThe organoids recapitulated key histological and molecular features of their corresponding source tissues, including epithelial architecture and expression of CK14, CK18, Ki67, and ERα. Marker expression was generally consistent between organoids and tissues at both the protein and transcriptional levels. Notably, ERα protein levels were reduced in organoids, while ESR1 mRNA expression remained stable, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation related to culture conditions.ConclusionOur study presents a practical and reproducible protocol for generating gynecomastia-derived organoids and highlights their utility as a disease-relevant platform for future research in male breast pathology and hormone-related mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2d275bfefcb4c7bbcbf831c8749753d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2d275bfefcb4c7bbcbf831c8749753d2025-08-20T04:00:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-08-011310.3389/fbioe.2025.15933681593368A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patientsFangjian ShangZihao LiJi FengQi WangMengyang AnZengren ZhaoBo LiuBackgroundGynecomastia, characterized by benign proliferation of male breast glandular tissue, is a prevalent condition with complex etiologies. However, the absence of effective in vitro models has hindered mechanistic investigations and therapeutic development.MethodsIn this study, we established and characterized organoids derived from the breast tissues of six male gynecomastia patients, including physiological, idiopathic, and hormone-related subtypes. Organoid fidelity was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and quantitative PCR (qPCR), targeting a panel of lineage-specific and proliferative markers.ResultsThe organoids recapitulated key histological and molecular features of their corresponding source tissues, including epithelial architecture and expression of CK14, CK18, Ki67, and ERα. Marker expression was generally consistent between organoids and tissues at both the protein and transcriptional levels. Notably, ERα protein levels were reduced in organoids, while ESR1 mRNA expression remained stable, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation related to culture conditions.ConclusionOur study presents a practical and reproducible protocol for generating gynecomastia-derived organoids and highlights their utility as a disease-relevant platform for future research in male breast pathology and hormone-related mechanisms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1593368/fullgynecomastiaorganoid cultureimmunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysisqPCR validation3D disease modelinghormone receptor signaling |
| spellingShingle | Fangjian Shang Zihao Li Ji Feng Qi Wang Mengyang An Zengren Zhao Bo Liu A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology gynecomastia organoid culture immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis qPCR validation 3D disease modeling hormone receptor signaling |
| title | A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients |
| title_full | A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients |
| title_fullStr | A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients |
| title_short | A protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients |
| title_sort | protocol for organoids from the gynecomastia patients |
| topic | gynecomastia organoid culture immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis qPCR validation 3D disease modeling hormone receptor signaling |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1593368/full |
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