Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy Ducks

Feed fermented by various strains of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (LP) produces distinct biologically active substances. This study systematically evaluates the growth performance, gut microbiota modulation, and immune response parameters in Muscovy ducks fed with LP81-fermented diets...

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Main Authors: Zhaolong Li, Song Peng, Mengshi Zhao, Xiaodong Zhuang, Huini Wu, Tiecheng Sun, Fengqiang Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Fermentation
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/6/311
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author Zhaolong Li
Song Peng
Mengshi Zhao
Xiaodong Zhuang
Huini Wu
Tiecheng Sun
Fengqiang Lin
author_facet Zhaolong Li
Song Peng
Mengshi Zhao
Xiaodong Zhuang
Huini Wu
Tiecheng Sun
Fengqiang Lin
author_sort Zhaolong Li
collection DOAJ
description Feed fermented by various strains of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (LP) produces distinct biologically active substances. This study systematically evaluates the growth performance, gut microbiota modulation, and immune response parameters in Muscovy ducks fed with LP81-fermented diets (LP81-FF) compared to conventional regimens. Our findings demonstrate that LP81-FF elicits dose-dependent improvements in Muscovy duck production parameters. Through a 70-day feeding trial, LP81-FF administration reduced feed intake by 3.1% and improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 9.18% and 6.65% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to conventional feed. Systemic antioxidant capacity analysis revealed 25.99% elevation in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), accompanied by 14.37% and 30.79% increases in serum IgG and IgM levels, respectively. Immune organ indices showed dose-responsive enhancement, with the high-dose group (HD) achieving 47.27% and 28.92% increases in thymus and bursa of Fabricius indices (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that LP81-FF optimized the intestinal microbial community structure of Muscovy ducks by promoting the abundance of <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Butyricicoccus</i>, and <i>Ruminococcus</i> (beneficial bacteria) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while inhibiting the increase of <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> and <i>Rothia</i> (harmful bacteria). It also promoted the secretion of beneficial metabolites such as Glutaric acid and 2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid in the intestine, inhibited the production of harmful substances dominated by Fexofenadine, and enhanced the strength of physical barrier-related factors such as intestinal mucosa villi and goblet cell count. These multi-omics insights establish that LP81-FF enhances growth performance through coordinated modulation of gut–liver axis homeostasis, mucosal immunity activation, and microbial-metabolic network optimization. Our results position LP81-FF as a sustainable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in waterfowl production systems.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2311-5637
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Fermentation
spelling doaj-art-e2b8188ea0be4580995169e8895fd8742025-08-20T03:27:01ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372025-05-0111631110.3390/fermentation11060311Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy DucksZhaolong Li0Song Peng1Mengshi Zhao2Xiaodong Zhuang3Huini Wu4Tiecheng Sun5Fengqiang Lin6Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFujian Zhangzhou Changlong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363000, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFujian Animal Husbandry Station, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaFeed fermented by various strains of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (LP) produces distinct biologically active substances. This study systematically evaluates the growth performance, gut microbiota modulation, and immune response parameters in Muscovy ducks fed with LP81-fermented diets (LP81-FF) compared to conventional regimens. Our findings demonstrate that LP81-FF elicits dose-dependent improvements in Muscovy duck production parameters. Through a 70-day feeding trial, LP81-FF administration reduced feed intake by 3.1% and improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 9.18% and 6.65% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to conventional feed. Systemic antioxidant capacity analysis revealed 25.99% elevation in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), accompanied by 14.37% and 30.79% increases in serum IgG and IgM levels, respectively. Immune organ indices showed dose-responsive enhancement, with the high-dose group (HD) achieving 47.27% and 28.92% increases in thymus and bursa of Fabricius indices (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that LP81-FF optimized the intestinal microbial community structure of Muscovy ducks by promoting the abundance of <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Butyricicoccus</i>, and <i>Ruminococcus</i> (beneficial bacteria) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while inhibiting the increase of <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> and <i>Rothia</i> (harmful bacteria). It also promoted the secretion of beneficial metabolites such as Glutaric acid and 2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid in the intestine, inhibited the production of harmful substances dominated by Fexofenadine, and enhanced the strength of physical barrier-related factors such as intestinal mucosa villi and goblet cell count. These multi-omics insights establish that LP81-FF enhances growth performance through coordinated modulation of gut–liver axis homeostasis, mucosal immunity activation, and microbial-metabolic network optimization. Our results position LP81-FF as a sustainable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in waterfowl production systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/6/311LP81-FFMuscovy ducksgrowth performanceintestinal health
spellingShingle Zhaolong Li
Song Peng
Mengshi Zhao
Xiaodong Zhuang
Huini Wu
Tiecheng Sun
Fengqiang Lin
Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy Ducks
Fermentation
LP81-FF
Muscovy ducks
growth performance
intestinal health
title Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy Ducks
title_full Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy Ducks
title_fullStr Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy Ducks
title_full_unstemmed Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy Ducks
title_short Effects of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-81-Fermented Feed on Growth and Intestinal Health of Muscovy Ducks
title_sort effects of i lactobacillus plantarum i 81 fermented feed on growth and intestinal health of muscovy ducks
topic LP81-FF
Muscovy ducks
growth performance
intestinal health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/6/311
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