Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage

Abstract Introduction Antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies (aVim/CL) have emerged as potential diagnostic markers for antiphospholipid syndrome, However, their association with pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. This study explores the clinical significance of aVim/CL in pregnancy loss. Methods A re...

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Main Authors: Junmiao Xiang, Ruru Bao, Jie Zhang, Zhuhua Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Immunology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00737-0
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author Junmiao Xiang
Ruru Bao
Jie Zhang
Zhuhua Cai
author_facet Junmiao Xiang
Ruru Bao
Jie Zhang
Zhuhua Cai
author_sort Junmiao Xiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies (aVim/CL) have emerged as potential diagnostic markers for antiphospholipid syndrome, However, their association with pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. This study explores the clinical significance of aVim/CL in pregnancy loss. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 429 pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (October 2019– August 2022). Multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses were utilized to assess the relationship between aVim/CL levels and pregnancy loss. Results Among the 429 participants, 79 experienced pregnancy loss, while 350 had live births. Elevated aVim/CL levels were associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.108 (95% CI, 1.037–1.185). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 62.8, with a sensitivity of 77.2% and a specificity of 44%. A nonlinear L-shaped relationship was identified, with a threshold of 6.86 ng/mL, below which the risk of pregnancy loss significantly increased. No correlations were found between aVim/CL and coagulation or immune biomarkers. Discussion Elevated aVim/CL levels were identified as independent predictors of pregnancy loss in women with a history of spontaneous miscarriage. The threshold of 6.86 ng/mL may provide valuable clinical insights for risk stratification.
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spelling doaj-art-e2b32dda5d3847d782f4079bc5a22dc32025-08-20T03:04:27ZengBMCBMC Immunology1471-21722025-07-012611910.1186/s12865-025-00737-0Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriageJunmiao Xiang0Ruru Bao1Jie Zhang2Zhuhua Cai3Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Introduction Antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies (aVim/CL) have emerged as potential diagnostic markers for antiphospholipid syndrome, However, their association with pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. This study explores the clinical significance of aVim/CL in pregnancy loss. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 429 pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (October 2019– August 2022). Multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses were utilized to assess the relationship between aVim/CL levels and pregnancy loss. Results Among the 429 participants, 79 experienced pregnancy loss, while 350 had live births. Elevated aVim/CL levels were associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.108 (95% CI, 1.037–1.185). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 62.8, with a sensitivity of 77.2% and a specificity of 44%. A nonlinear L-shaped relationship was identified, with a threshold of 6.86 ng/mL, below which the risk of pregnancy loss significantly increased. No correlations were found between aVim/CL and coagulation or immune biomarkers. Discussion Elevated aVim/CL levels were identified as independent predictors of pregnancy loss in women with a history of spontaneous miscarriage. The threshold of 6.86 ng/mL may provide valuable clinical insights for risk stratification.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00737-0Antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodiesNon-criteria antiphospholipid antibodiesNonlinear relationshipPregnancy loss
spellingShingle Junmiao Xiang
Ruru Bao
Jie Zhang
Zhuhua Cai
Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage
BMC Immunology
Antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies
Non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies
Nonlinear relationship
Pregnancy loss
title Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage
title_full Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage
title_fullStr Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage
title_full_unstemmed Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage
title_short Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage
title_sort association between antivimentin cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage
topic Antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies
Non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies
Nonlinear relationship
Pregnancy loss
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00737-0
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