Physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffee

Abstract Since the use of animal-based milk raises environmental concerns and health issues such as allergies and lactose intolerance, the demand for plant-based milk alternatives is growing. This study aimed to (1) develop nut-based milks—almond, cashew, hazelnut, and walnut—combined with Arabica e...

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Main Authors: Woorin Lee, Hyunwoo Ahn, Jonggab Yim, Yuri Kim, Kwang-Geun Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07554-w
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author Woorin Lee
Hyunwoo Ahn
Jonggab Yim
Yuri Kim
Kwang-Geun Lee
author_facet Woorin Lee
Hyunwoo Ahn
Jonggab Yim
Yuri Kim
Kwang-Geun Lee
author_sort Woorin Lee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Since the use of animal-based milk raises environmental concerns and health issues such as allergies and lactose intolerance, the demand for plant-based milk alternatives is growing. This study aimed to (1) develop nut-based milks—almond, cashew, hazelnut, and walnut—combined with Arabica espresso and (2) assess their physicochemical and sensory qualities. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids increased significantly in roasted nut-based milk coffees (p < 0.05). Particle size and viscosity were higher in nut-based coffees than in commercial milk (p < 0.05). Gas chromatography identified 33 volatile compounds; the nut-based milk coffee sample contained more benzaldehyde and 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, while commercial milk coffee had higher 5-methyl furfural and furfuryl alcohol (p < 0.05). Sensory testing showed a preference for cashew nut-based milk coffee (p < 0.05). Vegan coffee produced with nut-based milks exhibited higher antioxidant activity and a higher unsaturated fatty acid content than those prepared with commercial milk. In particular, the roasted nut-based milks displayed increased levels of these beneficial compounds. These results offer insights into nut-based milk coffee’s physicochemical and sensory characteristics and preference factors.
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spelling doaj-art-e2aabf6a996d449c8d87060c1a25b6f82025-08-20T03:04:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-07554-wPhysicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffeeWoorin Lee0Hyunwoo Ahn1Jonggab Yim2Yuri Kim3Kwang-Geun Lee4Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-SeoulDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-SeoulDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-SeoulDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-SeoulDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-SeoulAbstract Since the use of animal-based milk raises environmental concerns and health issues such as allergies and lactose intolerance, the demand for plant-based milk alternatives is growing. This study aimed to (1) develop nut-based milks—almond, cashew, hazelnut, and walnut—combined with Arabica espresso and (2) assess their physicochemical and sensory qualities. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids increased significantly in roasted nut-based milk coffees (p < 0.05). Particle size and viscosity were higher in nut-based coffees than in commercial milk (p < 0.05). Gas chromatography identified 33 volatile compounds; the nut-based milk coffee sample contained more benzaldehyde and 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, while commercial milk coffee had higher 5-methyl furfural and furfuryl alcohol (p < 0.05). Sensory testing showed a preference for cashew nut-based milk coffee (p < 0.05). Vegan coffee produced with nut-based milks exhibited higher antioxidant activity and a higher unsaturated fatty acid content than those prepared with commercial milk. In particular, the roasted nut-based milks displayed increased levels of these beneficial compounds. These results offer insights into nut-based milk coffee’s physicochemical and sensory characteristics and preference factors.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07554-wNut-based milk coffeeVolatile compoundsSensory attributesFatty acidAntioxidant activityViscosity
spellingShingle Woorin Lee
Hyunwoo Ahn
Jonggab Yim
Yuri Kim
Kwang-Geun Lee
Physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffee
Scientific Reports
Nut-based milk coffee
Volatile compounds
Sensory attributes
Fatty acid
Antioxidant activity
Viscosity
title Physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffee
title_full Physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffee
title_fullStr Physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffee
title_full_unstemmed Physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffee
title_short Physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut-based milk coffee
title_sort physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of nut based milk coffee
topic Nut-based milk coffee
Volatile compounds
Sensory attributes
Fatty acid
Antioxidant activity
Viscosity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07554-w
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AT hyunwooahn physicochemicalpropertiesandsensoryattributesofnutbasedmilkcoffee
AT jonggabyim physicochemicalpropertiesandsensoryattributesofnutbasedmilkcoffee
AT yurikim physicochemicalpropertiesandsensoryattributesofnutbasedmilkcoffee
AT kwanggeunlee physicochemicalpropertiesandsensoryattributesofnutbasedmilkcoffee