Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approach

Foundation pit engineering usually encounters the problems of foundation reinforcement and mud soil (MS) disposal. This study proposes a solidification technology utilizing blast furnace slag (BFS)-MS based geopolymer, enhanced by renewable plant fibers, to achieve resource utilization of MS. The ke...

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Main Authors: Zunquan Zhu, Dongming Chang, Yong Zhu, Jie Li, Kai Zhang, Haifeng Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Earth Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1605929/full
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author Zunquan Zhu
Zunquan Zhu
Dongming Chang
Dongming Chang
Yong Zhu
Jie Li
Kai Zhang
Haifeng Lu
author_facet Zunquan Zhu
Zunquan Zhu
Dongming Chang
Dongming Chang
Yong Zhu
Jie Li
Kai Zhang
Haifeng Lu
author_sort Zunquan Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Foundation pit engineering usually encounters the problems of foundation reinforcement and mud soil (MS) disposal. This study proposes a solidification technology utilizing blast furnace slag (BFS)-MS based geopolymer, enhanced by renewable plant fibers, to achieve resource utilization of MS. The key parameters including activator modulus, alkali content, water-to-solid ratio, and MS replacement rate were systematically optimized through orthogonal experimental design. Based on considering the mechanical properties and economy, the pretreated wood (WF), jute (JF) and bamboo (BF) fibers were incorporated respectively to study the influence of plant fiber type and content on the mechanical properties of geopolymer. The results demonstrated that the optimal parameters for BFS-MS precursors were activator modulus 1.7 and alkali content 0.2. The BFS-MS geopolymer under the optimal ratio of 28 days can reach 43.56 MPa, maintaining excellent potential for engineering application even at 30% MS replacement. At 1.0% dosage, WF, JF and BF enhanced the 28-day compressive strength by 27.80%, 12.35% and 29.05% respectively. The microstructural analysis revealed that geopolymer gels derived from BFS hydration dominated early strength development, while potentially active minerals in MS contributed to later stage strength enhancement. This study provides theoretical and technical foundations for MS utilization and fiber-reinforced geopolymer design in sustainable construction practices.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-e2a577b74072432ab9026e034a52c6412025-08-20T03:22:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632025-06-011310.3389/feart.2025.16059291605929Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approachZunquan Zhu0Zunquan Zhu1Dongming Chang2Dongming Chang3Yong Zhu4Jie Li5Kai Zhang6Haifeng Lu7China Communications Third Shipping Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaNinth Engineering Company, CCCC Third Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaChina Communications Third Shipping Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaNinth Engineering Company, CCCC Third Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaCcid Urban Construction (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing, ChinaCcid Urban Construction (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaFoundation pit engineering usually encounters the problems of foundation reinforcement and mud soil (MS) disposal. This study proposes a solidification technology utilizing blast furnace slag (BFS)-MS based geopolymer, enhanced by renewable plant fibers, to achieve resource utilization of MS. The key parameters including activator modulus, alkali content, water-to-solid ratio, and MS replacement rate were systematically optimized through orthogonal experimental design. Based on considering the mechanical properties and economy, the pretreated wood (WF), jute (JF) and bamboo (BF) fibers were incorporated respectively to study the influence of plant fiber type and content on the mechanical properties of geopolymer. The results demonstrated that the optimal parameters for BFS-MS precursors were activator modulus 1.7 and alkali content 0.2. The BFS-MS geopolymer under the optimal ratio of 28 days can reach 43.56 MPa, maintaining excellent potential for engineering application even at 30% MS replacement. At 1.0% dosage, WF, JF and BF enhanced the 28-day compressive strength by 27.80%, 12.35% and 29.05% respectively. The microstructural analysis revealed that geopolymer gels derived from BFS hydration dominated early strength development, while potentially active minerals in MS contributed to later stage strength enhancement. This study provides theoretical and technical foundations for MS utilization and fiber-reinforced geopolymer design in sustainable construction practices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1605929/fullmud soilblast furnace slagplant fibersorthogonal experimental designuniaxial compressive strengthgeopolymer
spellingShingle Zunquan Zhu
Zunquan Zhu
Dongming Chang
Dongming Chang
Yong Zhu
Jie Li
Kai Zhang
Haifeng Lu
Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approach
Frontiers in Earth Science
mud soil
blast furnace slag
plant fibers
orthogonal experimental design
uniaxial compressive strength
geopolymer
title Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approach
title_full Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approach
title_fullStr Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approach
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approach
title_short Mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced BFS-MS geopolymer: an orthogonal design approach
title_sort mechanical properties and microstructure of plant fiber reinforced bfs ms geopolymer an orthogonal design approach
topic mud soil
blast furnace slag
plant fibers
orthogonal experimental design
uniaxial compressive strength
geopolymer
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1605929/full
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