Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions.
<h4>Background</h4>Leprosy, a chronic granulomatous disease affecting the skin and nerves, is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). The type of leprosy developed depends upon the host immune response. Type 1 reactions (T1Rs), that complicate borderline and lepromatous leprosy, are...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001869&type=printable |
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| author | Anna L Cogen Stephen L Walker Chrissy H Roberts Deanna A Hagge Kapil D Neupane Saraswoti Khadge Diana N J Lockwood |
| author_facet | Anna L Cogen Stephen L Walker Chrissy H Roberts Deanna A Hagge Kapil D Neupane Saraswoti Khadge Diana N J Lockwood |
| author_sort | Anna L Cogen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Leprosy, a chronic granulomatous disease affecting the skin and nerves, is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). The type of leprosy developed depends upon the host immune response. Type 1 reactions (T1Rs), that complicate borderline and lepromatous leprosy, are due to an increase in cell-mediated immunity and manifest as nerve damage and skin inflammation. Owing to the increase in inflammation in the skin of patients with T1Rs, we sought to investigate the activation of the innate immune system during reactionary events. Specifically, we investigated the expression levels of human beta-defensins (hBDs) 2 and 3 in the skin of patients with T1Rs, in keratinocytes, and in macrophages stimulated with M. leprae and corticosteroids.<h4>Results</h4>Skin biopsies from twenty-three patients with Type 1 reactions were found to have higher transcript levels of hBD3 as compared to fifteen leprosy patients without Type 1 reactions, as measured by qPCR. Moreover, we observed that keratinocytes but not macrophages up-regulated hBD2 and hBD3 in response to M. leprae stimulation in vitro. Corticosteroid treatment of patients with T1Rs caused a suppression of hBD2 and hBD3 in skin biopsies, as measured by qPCR. In vitro, corticosteroids suppressed M. leprae-dependent induction of hBD2 and hBD3 in keratinocytes.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This study demonstrates that hBD3 is induced in leprosy Type 1 Reactions and suppressed by corticosteroids. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that keratinocytes are responsive to M. leprae and lend support for additional studies on keratinocyte innate immunity in leprosy and T1Rs.<h4>Trial registration</h4>Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN31894035. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2a50e6795644c7bb418591eb87bb2c6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2a50e6795644c7bb418591eb87bb2c62025-08-20T03:01:13ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352012-01-01611e186910.1371/journal.pntd.0001869Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions.Anna L CogenStephen L WalkerChrissy H RobertsDeanna A HaggeKapil D NeupaneSaraswoti KhadgeDiana N J Lockwood<h4>Background</h4>Leprosy, a chronic granulomatous disease affecting the skin and nerves, is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). The type of leprosy developed depends upon the host immune response. Type 1 reactions (T1Rs), that complicate borderline and lepromatous leprosy, are due to an increase in cell-mediated immunity and manifest as nerve damage and skin inflammation. Owing to the increase in inflammation in the skin of patients with T1Rs, we sought to investigate the activation of the innate immune system during reactionary events. Specifically, we investigated the expression levels of human beta-defensins (hBDs) 2 and 3 in the skin of patients with T1Rs, in keratinocytes, and in macrophages stimulated with M. leprae and corticosteroids.<h4>Results</h4>Skin biopsies from twenty-three patients with Type 1 reactions were found to have higher transcript levels of hBD3 as compared to fifteen leprosy patients without Type 1 reactions, as measured by qPCR. Moreover, we observed that keratinocytes but not macrophages up-regulated hBD2 and hBD3 in response to M. leprae stimulation in vitro. Corticosteroid treatment of patients with T1Rs caused a suppression of hBD2 and hBD3 in skin biopsies, as measured by qPCR. In vitro, corticosteroids suppressed M. leprae-dependent induction of hBD2 and hBD3 in keratinocytes.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This study demonstrates that hBD3 is induced in leprosy Type 1 Reactions and suppressed by corticosteroids. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that keratinocytes are responsive to M. leprae and lend support for additional studies on keratinocyte innate immunity in leprosy and T1Rs.<h4>Trial registration</h4>Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN31894035.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001869&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Anna L Cogen Stephen L Walker Chrissy H Roberts Deanna A Hagge Kapil D Neupane Saraswoti Khadge Diana N J Lockwood Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions. |
| title_full | Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions. |
| title_fullStr | Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions. |
| title_short | Human beta-defensin 3 is up-regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions. |
| title_sort | human beta defensin 3 is up regulated in cutaneous leprosy type 1 reactions |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001869&type=printable |
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