Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights

A series of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared using a microwave-assisted method. The reactions were initially carried out on a small scale and subsequently scaled up using a sealed tube. Heating the reactions to 90–150 °C for 90–120 minutes obtained products with up to 95% yields. Structura...

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Main Authors: Lo’ay A. Al-Momani, Ula A. Abu Shawar, Ayman H. Abu Sarhan, Rand Shahin, Panayiotis A. Koutentis, Mohammad K. Abu-Sini, Nada J. Mohammad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/71
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author Lo’ay A. Al-Momani
Ula A. Abu Shawar
Ayman H. Abu Sarhan
Rand Shahin
Panayiotis A. Koutentis
Mohammad K. Abu-Sini
Nada J. Mohammad
author_facet Lo’ay A. Al-Momani
Ula A. Abu Shawar
Ayman H. Abu Sarhan
Rand Shahin
Panayiotis A. Koutentis
Mohammad K. Abu-Sini
Nada J. Mohammad
author_sort Lo’ay A. Al-Momani
collection DOAJ
description A series of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared using a microwave-assisted method. The reactions were initially carried out on a small scale and subsequently scaled up using a sealed tube. Heating the reactions to 90–150 °C for 90–120 minutes obtained products with up to 95% yields. Structural analysis and characterization were achieved using FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H- and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy and HR-MS. Four compounds displayed low-to-moderate antibacterial activity, with 6-chlorocyclopentaquinolinamine (<b>7b</b>) exhibiting potent inhibition against MRSA (MIC = 0.125 mM) and 2-fluorocycloheptaquinolinamine (<b>9d</b>) showing activity against <i>S. pyogenes</i> (MIC = 0.25 mM). Structure–activity relationship (SAR) docking studies within the Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP2a) binding site (PDB: 4DK1) showed that compounds <b>7b</b> and <b>5b</b> (7-chlorophenylquinolinamine) bind through hydrophobic interactions (ALA601, ILE614), hydrogen bonding (GLN521), and halogen contacts (TYR519, THR399). Compound <b>7b</b> demonstrated enhanced MRSA inhibition due to additional π-alkyl interactions and optimal docking parameters. Conversely, the bulky structure of <b>9d</b> may explain its weaker activity as it likely hindered binding to the target site. This paper highlights the role of structural features in antibacterial efficacy and guides the future optimization of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives.
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spelling doaj-art-e2a4c5ce6d144e62b81962f92cdbb8f52025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGChemistry2624-85492025-04-01737110.3390/chemistry7030071Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking InsightsLo’ay A. Al-Momani0Ula A. Abu Shawar1Ayman H. Abu Sarhan2Rand Shahin3Panayiotis A. Koutentis4Mohammad K. Abu-Sini5Nada J. Mohammad6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, JordanDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, JordanA series of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared using a microwave-assisted method. The reactions were initially carried out on a small scale and subsequently scaled up using a sealed tube. Heating the reactions to 90–150 °C for 90–120 minutes obtained products with up to 95% yields. Structural analysis and characterization were achieved using FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H- and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy and HR-MS. Four compounds displayed low-to-moderate antibacterial activity, with 6-chlorocyclopentaquinolinamine (<b>7b</b>) exhibiting potent inhibition against MRSA (MIC = 0.125 mM) and 2-fluorocycloheptaquinolinamine (<b>9d</b>) showing activity against <i>S. pyogenes</i> (MIC = 0.25 mM). Structure–activity relationship (SAR) docking studies within the Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP2a) binding site (PDB: 4DK1) showed that compounds <b>7b</b> and <b>5b</b> (7-chlorophenylquinolinamine) bind through hydrophobic interactions (ALA601, ILE614), hydrogen bonding (GLN521), and halogen contacts (TYR519, THR399). Compound <b>7b</b> demonstrated enhanced MRSA inhibition due to additional π-alkyl interactions and optimal docking parameters. Conversely, the bulky structure of <b>9d</b> may explain its weaker activity as it likely hindered binding to the target site. This paper highlights the role of structural features in antibacterial efficacy and guides the future optimization of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/71green synthesismicrowave-assisted synthesis4-aminoquinoline derivatives
spellingShingle Lo’ay A. Al-Momani
Ula A. Abu Shawar
Ayman H. Abu Sarhan
Rand Shahin
Panayiotis A. Koutentis
Mohammad K. Abu-Sini
Nada J. Mohammad
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights
Chemistry
green synthesis
microwave-assisted synthesis
4-aminoquinoline derivatives
title Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights
title_full Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights
title_fullStr Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights
title_full_unstemmed Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights
title_short Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights
title_sort green synthesis characterization and biological activity of 4 aminoquinoline derivatives exploring antibacterial efficacy mrsa inhibition and pbp2a docking insights
topic green synthesis
microwave-assisted synthesis
4-aminoquinoline derivatives
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/71
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