CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic Perspective
Functional endoscopic sinus Surgery (FESS) is a form of safe and effective management for chronic rhinosinusitis. Nevertheless, although FESS is minimally invasive, it poses a risk of rare orbital complications. This study aims to investigate the variations in the medial maxillary wall relative to t...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Humaid Alhumaid Abdulrahman Alsowinea Ali Alamer |
| author_facet | Humaid Alhumaid Abdulrahman Alsowinea Ali Alamer |
| author_sort | Humaid Alhumaid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Functional endoscopic sinus Surgery (FESS) is a form of safe and effective management for chronic rhinosinusitis. Nevertheless, although FESS is minimally invasive, it poses a risk of rare orbital complications. This study aims to investigate the variations in the medial maxillary wall relative to the medial orbital wall, as depicted on computed tomography (CT) scans. We retrospectively included CT scans of the sinuses between November 2022 and April 2023. To maintain consistency, we used the coronal image that delineated the anterior ethmoidal foramen. The attachment site of the inferior turbinate to the medial maxillary wall was categorized into three classes according to its position relative to the inferomedial orbital strut. Class I indicates that the site of attachment is located within 2 mm, either medially or laterally. Class II indicates that it has been medially displaced by more than 2 mm, whereas Class III indicates that it has been laterally displaced by more than 2 mm. We enrolled 183 patients, yielding a total of 363 sides. Classes I, II, and III account for 55.4%, 41.3%, and 3.3% of the cases, respectively. A significant correlation exists between the classification and the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The logistic regression model indicates a significant negative correlation between the width of the maxillary sinus and risk classification (<i>p</i> < 0.001), implying a protective effect with increasing width. Knowledge of the variations in the medial wall of the maxillary sinus relative to the medial orbital wall is essential for guidance toward the optimal endoscopic approach, and it demonstrates relevance to risk stratification. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2952e9e9e8d431bbfeb170754059030 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e2952e9e9e8d431bbfeb1707540590302025-08-20T02:42:21ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-03-0115345310.3390/life15030453CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic PerspectiveHumaid Alhumaid0Abdulrahman Alsowinea1Ali Alamer2Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Radiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaFunctional endoscopic sinus Surgery (FESS) is a form of safe and effective management for chronic rhinosinusitis. Nevertheless, although FESS is minimally invasive, it poses a risk of rare orbital complications. This study aims to investigate the variations in the medial maxillary wall relative to the medial orbital wall, as depicted on computed tomography (CT) scans. We retrospectively included CT scans of the sinuses between November 2022 and April 2023. To maintain consistency, we used the coronal image that delineated the anterior ethmoidal foramen. The attachment site of the inferior turbinate to the medial maxillary wall was categorized into three classes according to its position relative to the inferomedial orbital strut. Class I indicates that the site of attachment is located within 2 mm, either medially or laterally. Class II indicates that it has been medially displaced by more than 2 mm, whereas Class III indicates that it has been laterally displaced by more than 2 mm. We enrolled 183 patients, yielding a total of 363 sides. Classes I, II, and III account for 55.4%, 41.3%, and 3.3% of the cases, respectively. A significant correlation exists between the classification and the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The logistic regression model indicates a significant negative correlation between the width of the maxillary sinus and risk classification (<i>p</i> < 0.001), implying a protective effect with increasing width. Knowledge of the variations in the medial wall of the maxillary sinus relative to the medial orbital wall is essential for guidance toward the optimal endoscopic approach, and it demonstrates relevance to risk stratification.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/453computed tomographymaxillary sinuslamina papyraceamedial orbital wallinferomedial orbital strutendoscopic sinus surgery |
| spellingShingle | Humaid Alhumaid Abdulrahman Alsowinea Ali Alamer CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic Perspective Life computed tomography maxillary sinus lamina papyracea medial orbital wall inferomedial orbital strut endoscopic sinus surgery |
| title | CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic Perspective |
| title_full | CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic Perspective |
| title_fullStr | CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic Perspective |
| title_short | CT Analysis of Variations in the Medial Maxillary Wall Relative to the Medial Orbital Wall: Implications for Surgical Risk Stratification from an Endoscopic Perspective |
| title_sort | ct analysis of variations in the medial maxillary wall relative to the medial orbital wall implications for surgical risk stratification from an endoscopic perspective |
| topic | computed tomography maxillary sinus lamina papyracea medial orbital wall inferomedial orbital strut endoscopic sinus surgery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/453 |
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