Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems

Marine ecosystems, particularly in polar regions, are undergoing rapid transformations due to climate change, influencing host-pathogen dynamics in wildlife populations. Seabirds, which form spatially structured social networks, serve as potential sentinels for pathogen surveillance, yet the composi...

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Main Authors: Sophia Ferchiou, Amira Tounsi, Fanny Fronton, France Caza, Mathilde Lejeune, Jérémy Tornos, Thierry Boulinier, Yves St-Pierre
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Global Ecology and Conservation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425003750
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author Sophia Ferchiou
Amira Tounsi
Fanny Fronton
France Caza
Mathilde Lejeune
Jérémy Tornos
Thierry Boulinier
Yves St-Pierre
author_facet Sophia Ferchiou
Amira Tounsi
Fanny Fronton
France Caza
Mathilde Lejeune
Jérémy Tornos
Thierry Boulinier
Yves St-Pierre
author_sort Sophia Ferchiou
collection DOAJ
description Marine ecosystems, particularly in polar regions, are undergoing rapid transformations due to climate change, influencing host-pathogen dynamics in wildlife populations. Seabirds, which form spatially structured social networks, serve as potential sentinels for pathogen surveillance, yet the composition and variability of their blood microbiome remain largely unexplored. The concept of a circulating blood microbiome is relatively new and debated as blood has traditionally been considered sterile. However, emerging evidence suggests that circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) represents a transient microbial signature, potentially offering insights into host health, dysbiosis, and disease risks. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and relevance of circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) as a tool for pathogen surveillance in wild seabird populations. We identified inter-annual variability, sex-related, and age-related variability in blood microbiome composition, with core microbial signatures differing across sites and time periods. We also observed sex-biased microbial prevalence and age-related microbiome maturation, with dynamic shifts in diversity across chick developmental stages. Finally, we detected several potential pathogens, providing new insights into their distribution, prevalence, and potential implications for seabird health. These findings highlight the value of cmDNA analysis as an effective approach for wildlife disease surveillance and pathogen monitoring in polar ecosystems, contributing to broader efforts in marine conservation and biosecurity in the face of climate change-driven environmental shifts.
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spelling doaj-art-e291952da0c940f19b0d95baea5e05352025-08-20T03:42:10ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942025-10-0162e0377410.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03774Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystemsSophia Ferchiou0Amira Tounsi1Fanny Fronton2France Caza3Mathilde Lejeune4Jérémy Tornos5Thierry Boulinier6Yves St-Pierre7INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaINRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaINRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaINRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaCEFE, CNRS, Université Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, FranceCEFE, CNRS, Université Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, FranceCEFE, CNRS, Université Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, FranceINRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Corresponding author.Marine ecosystems, particularly in polar regions, are undergoing rapid transformations due to climate change, influencing host-pathogen dynamics in wildlife populations. Seabirds, which form spatially structured social networks, serve as potential sentinels for pathogen surveillance, yet the composition and variability of their blood microbiome remain largely unexplored. The concept of a circulating blood microbiome is relatively new and debated as blood has traditionally been considered sterile. However, emerging evidence suggests that circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) represents a transient microbial signature, potentially offering insights into host health, dysbiosis, and disease risks. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and relevance of circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) as a tool for pathogen surveillance in wild seabird populations. We identified inter-annual variability, sex-related, and age-related variability in blood microbiome composition, with core microbial signatures differing across sites and time periods. We also observed sex-biased microbial prevalence and age-related microbiome maturation, with dynamic shifts in diversity across chick developmental stages. Finally, we detected several potential pathogens, providing new insights into their distribution, prevalence, and potential implications for seabird health. These findings highlight the value of cmDNA analysis as an effective approach for wildlife disease surveillance and pathogen monitoring in polar ecosystems, contributing to broader efforts in marine conservation and biosecurity in the face of climate change-driven environmental shifts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425003750BloodSeabirdsMicrobiomeSub-polar ecosystems16S rRNA gene
spellingShingle Sophia Ferchiou
Amira Tounsi
Fanny Fronton
France Caza
Mathilde Lejeune
Jérémy Tornos
Thierry Boulinier
Yves St-Pierre
Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems
Global Ecology and Conservation
Blood
Seabirds
Microbiome
Sub-polar ecosystems
16S rRNA gene
title Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems
title_full Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems
title_fullStr Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems
title_full_unstemmed Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems
title_short Circulating microbiome DNA in Southern Ocean seabirds: A novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems
title_sort circulating microbiome dna in southern ocean seabirds a novel tool for disease surveillance in polar ecosystems
topic Blood
Seabirds
Microbiome
Sub-polar ecosystems
16S rRNA gene
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425003750
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